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World Exclusive: How Cabal, Corruption Stalled Mambilla Hydropower Project …The Abba Kyari, Fashola and Malami Connection Plus FG May Lose $2bn

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By Michael Effiong

The Boss can now reveal exclusively that the reason the Mambilla HydroPower Project, has not taken off for years, laid idle and gathered dust, is because of high wire power play, selfishness and in some cases bare-faced corruption.
 

Our investigation has shown that government after government, Minister after Minister even President after President, all efforts to bring the project, which was conceived in 1972 to improve electricity supply in Nigeria, back to life and meet its set objectives of power generation and job creation, has always been frustrated by a myriad of forces.

Therefore, when in November 2017, the Minister of Power, Works & Housing, Mr. Babatunde Raji Fashola, announced that President Buhari has approved  $5.792 billion (About N1.1trillion) for the construction of the 3,050 megawatts Mambilla Hydro-Power Project at Gembu in Taraba, many heaved a sigh of relief. At last, they believed, Nigeria would finally break the jinx of perennial power failure.
 

According to Fashola: “Several efforts had been made to bring it to reality but I’m happy to announce that this government approved the contract today to joint ventures of Chinese Civil and Engineering company for the engineering and turn-key contract, including civil and electro-mechanical works for $5.792 billion.

He noted that the scope of works of the project will include construction of four dams and 700kilometres of transmission, adding that it will unleash the nation’s potentials in agriculture, tourism and energy.
 

Six months after that cheerful statement, it seems however, that it is not yet uhuru. The Federal Government is yet to pay its 15% counterpart funds to the Chinese Exim Bank, and nothing has so far happened.

Knowing full well the importance of this project to the Nigerian people and the overall economy, we were agitated by this state of inertia and that was when we began digging, and our investigation has now revealed that Mr. Fashola did not present the full story.
 

We gathered that one of the main reasons for the latest delay of the project is actually a long-standing dispute that may have been overlooked when the President and Members of the Federal Executive Council (FEC) gave approval on August 30, 2017.

We also discovered an interesting twist where the Attorney-General and Minister of Justice, Mr. Abubakar Malami (SAN) gave sound legal advice which was ignored by the Chief of Staff to the President, Mallam Abba Kyari before the contract was awarded.
 

Furthermore, we discovered that after earlier aligning with the Attorney-General, curiously, the Minister of Power, Works and Housing, Mr. Babatunde Raji Fashola, SAN, backtracked, and switched to the advice of the COS, a move that would definitely do more harm than good to this project.

It is a riveting story of power play at the very highest level, the kind of intrigues that many thought would never occur in the Buhari Presidency.
 

BACKGROUND

 

To clearly understand this knotty matter, we have to take you through the whole gamut of hard facts spanning 18 years.

Documents in the possession of The Boss indicate that a Nigerian company, Sunrise Power Transmission Co. Limited had been in the forefront of promoting this Project from the outset. 
 

Prior to the official tender process, Sunrise started promoting the Mambilla Project as early as year 2000. It reportedly engaged the offices of former President Olusegun Obasanjo and former Vice President Atiku Abubakar as well as the Nigerian Embassy in China.

Its successful promotion of the project led to the first state visit of then President Obasanjo to China in 2001 and Vice President Atiku in 2002.
 

It was thereafter, that a bidding process was opened for the project and the Ad-Hoc Inter-Ministerial Committee recommended Sunrise and its Chinese Partners. On April 7, 2003, the Committee wrote the President for approval to officially issue an award letter.

Therefore, on May 22, 2003, the then Federal Ministry of Power and Steel (Now Part of the new Ministry of Power, Works and Housing) issued a letter of Award to Sunrise Power and Transmission Company Limited in consortium with North China Power Group as Technical Partners. The contract was for the construction of a 3, 960MW Hydroelectric Power Project in Mambilla on a Build, Operate and Transfer (BOT) arrangement for a provisional six billion dollars. Sunrise accepted the offer.
 

 In August 20, 2003, Sinohydro, which has its principal place of business at no.1 Ertao Biaguang Road, Xuanwu District, Beijing, PR China, North China Power Engineering Co. Ltd with its business address as 24a Huangsi District, Beijing and Sunrise located at Oluwa (Fowler) Road, Ikoyi, Lagos Nigeria, signed a contract to work together on what was then the 3, 960MW project.  Sunrise engaged Sinohydro to construct the project on an Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) basis.

After it has begun work, it got a shocking letter on September 3, 2003 from the Ministry of Energy (FMOE) claiming that the Federal Executive Council did not approve the memo recommending Sunrise for the project and directing Sunrise to tender for the project when it is advertised.
 

Sunrise sought a resolution without success. Sunrise and North China engaged Chief Afe Babalola, (SAN) to demand compensation.

A letter written by Chief Babalola dated February 4, 2005, read in part: “Your ministry cannot seek to repudiate the contract as it has attempted to do in the Ministry’s letter ….not after our clients have incurred expenses on the preparation incidental to the execution of the project.
 

“Consequent upon the preliminary steps towards execution of the contract, our clients have incurred well over Three Million Pounds while there are commitments to several consultants local and international in excess of Thirty Million British Pounds.”

While the dispute was on, Sunrise and it partners were still at work. An indication of this was a letter of intent written on April 15, 2005 by Dai Chunning, General Manager, Banking Department oF China Export-Import Bank to Sinohydro Corporation indicating its interest to provide $5.5 Billion for the Mambilla Project; the bank further stated that “We perused the information provided on the issue and are pleased to show interest and support in the proposed project by way of this Letter of Interest”. 
 

Nothing was heard on the project until May 29, 2007 when, allegedly influenced by a Senior Government official, the Government awarded a part of the SUNRISE contract (Lot I, Civil/Hydraulic Steel Structures) of the (2,600MW Mambilla Hydroelectric) First Phase of the project to Messrs CGGC/CGC Ltd, in the sum of US$1.46billion.

The source of funding envisaged at the time of award was a combination of an Exim Bank of China loan of US$1 billion and funds from the Excess Crude Savings Account.
 

Of course, Sunrise did not take this lying down. It took the matter to the Federal High Court, Abuja suit No. FHC/ABJ/CS/384/2007. The defendants in the case were The Minister of Energy, The Attorney-General of the Federation, China Gezhouba Group Corporation (CGGC) and China Geo-Engineering Corporation (CGC).

Late President Umaru Musa Yar ‘Adua directed the Federal Ministry of Justice to investigate the Breach of Contract and USD 960 Million (Nine Hundred and Sixty Million United States Dollars) damage claim filed by Sunrise, and a Report (a copy of which is in our possession) from the Federal Ministry of Justice Indicted the Federal Ministry of Energy and CGGC/CGC of Gross Violation of Sunrise’s BOT Contract.
 

Furthermore, Mr. Michael Kaase Aondoakaa noted that Sunrise was not duly disengaged as Contractor on the project before government went ahead in May 2007 to engage CGGC/CGC for the same project.

He therefore, opined that Sunrise was in strong legal position to pursue a successful claim against the Federal Government; stating that “The best interest of the country can only be served by an amicable settlement of the parties so as to avoid the embarrassment that litigation would bring (to) the image of the country.” He sought Presidential approval to explore efforts of settlement of the matter.

Abba Kyari

 

Following a Presidential Visit to China in 2008, word reached late President Yar’Adua about an alleged $15m bribery that led to the award of the $1.46 billion contract to CGGC/CGC on May 29, 2007.

Late President YarAdua, we gathered then invited Sunrise, then Minister of State, Power (Late Hajiya Fatima Balaraba Usman), Minister of State and the accused Presidential official for a meeting.

After the meeting, President Yar Adua instructed then Attorney-General, Mr. Michael Aondoaka, SAN, to cancel the CGGC/CGC contract and restore the BOT Contracts to Sunrise immediately which was done at the Vice President’s Conference room in the presence of all Directors and Permanent Secretaries of both the Ministry of Power and the Ministry of Justice.
 
After this unfortunate episode, Sunrise agreed to resolve its legal dispute against the Federal Government and CGGC/CGC Consortium amicably, by proposing that Sinohydro Corporation in partnership with Sunrise, on the one hand, should form a Consortium at a cost to be determined by the final project design to be undertaken.
 

In October 2012, the Federal Government decided it wanted to own the Mambilla HydroPower Project and wanted an urgent settlement. This led to the signing of the Settlement and General Project Execution Agreement (GPEA) between the Federal Ministry of Finance, then Honourable Minister of State, Power, Architect Darius Ishaku now Governor of Taraba State signed, and then Solicitor-General of Federation, Mr. Abduallahi Yola signed for the Federal Government. 

Sunrise and Sinohydro also signed but CGGC and CGC refused to sign because the Ministry of Power/Federal Government had allotted only 30% of Engineering Procurement and Construction (EPC) works to them.

Darius Ishaku

 

When the Federal Government filed the Settlement Agreement in Court at the Federal High Court, Abuja, the Court rejected it because CGGC/CGC did not sign the Settlement and GPEA Agreements.

Thereafter a Stakeholders’ Meeting was convened at the Ministry of Power on November 23, 2012 and over 40 Stakeholders reportedly attended.
 

It was at this meeting that Mrs. Zainab Kuchi, new Minister of Power and the Solicitor-General of the Federation signed a new Out of Court Settlement Agreement with Sunrise (Its Chairman, Mr. Leno Adesanya signed) and also a new GPEA with Sunrise and Sinohydro (Its Technical and Financial Partners) was affirmed with a mandate to execute 100% of the EPC Contract.

In 2013, then President Goodluck Ebele Jonathan during a State Visit to China was called upon by the Chinese President “To please consider both Sinohydro and CGHC as EPC Contractors.”
 

The new Minister, Professor Chinedu Nebo then appealed to Sunrise to vote CGGC (Not CGC) as Co-contractor, a position that was accepted by Sunrise so that the project will be up and running.

As a result  of that parley, On January 14,  2015,  the Federal Ministry of Power, issued an Award Letter (No FMP/6145/S.11.1.185 of January 14, 2015) to Messrs CGCC and Sinohydro, specifically informing both Chinese companies that “Please note that based on the General Project Execution Agreement and Terms of Settlement agreed on the 23rd November, 2012 between the Federal Government on one hand and Sunrise/Synohydro on the other hand, Sunrise Power and Transmission Co. Ltd will serve as  local content Partner on the Mambilla Project
 

The Present:

When President Muhammadu Buhari assumed Power, like all past Presidents, the issue of power was key on his agenda. In fact during one of his very first interviews on Channels Television in 2015, he stated that “The 3050MW Mambilla Hydropower Projectis stalled because FGN refused to pay 15% counterpart funds to Chinese Contractors; Just 15 per cent”.
 

It was not therefore, a surprise that on June 29, 2015, President Buhari reportedly hosted Alhaji Lawal Idris for over an hour at the Presidential Villa. He was in the company of Mr. Leno Adesanya, the Chairman/CEO of Sunrise.

We gathered that Adesanya presented a comprehensive briefing on the history of his company’s involvement with the Mambilla Power Project and how Sunrise, his company already has subsisting contractual agreements with the Federal Government as regards its execution.
 

There was an indication that since there was another Sheriff in town, the project will start revving again. When it didn’t, Sunrise wrote Mr. Babatunde Raji Fashola, (SAN)  on February 26, 2016, notifying him that it had held joint meetings with the two companies (SINOHYDRO and CGGC) in Beijing, and they have agreed to split the EPC Contract on a 50/50 basis; The Minister notified his Permanent Secretary, Mr. Louis Edozien in the letter.

A month later, on March 8, 2016, Engr. E.O. Ajayi, Director (Energy Resources) on behalf of the Minister, wrote to Mambilla project Consultants, Coyne et Bellier/Decrown, urging the company to send a reminder to Messrs Sinohydro and Messrs CGGC to submit the cooperation agreement detailing the division responsibility/section of works of the parties, noting that the consortium is jointly and severally responsible for the full implementation of the project. The Consortium was directed to submit the said agreement not later than March 31, 2016.
 

That was not all, many people involved in the project were now more enthusiastic when it was announced that President Buhari was preparing his first official visit to China.

He eventually embarked on the 4-day visit on April 10, 2016 but for some inexplicable reasons, this all important Mambilla project was not on the agenda.
 

We gathered from the delegation, that with pressure from Mr. Leno Adesanya, Governor Nasir El Rufai of Kaduna State, Governor Mohammed Badaru Abubakar of Jigawa State and Chief Audu Ogbe, decided to bring the situation  to the attention of a very angry President Buhari, who was upset that the Taraba Governor was not invited on the trip by the Minister of Power Works and Housing. In any case, that was how Mambilla hit the front burner and became one of the key issues of the Presidential visit.

On his return later that month, President Buhari sent his Chief of Staff back to Beijing to conclude the negotiations, which resulted in the agreed price of $5.79 billion.
 

In addition, on April 25, 2016, Mr. President wrote through his Chief of Staff (Letter No. SH/COS/05/A/1847) to the Honourable  Attorney-General, Mr. Abubakar Malami, SAN, copying the Minister of Power Works and Housing (HMOPWH), to propose a strategy for resolving all the legal issues and disputes relating to the Mambilla Power Project including the matter of the “warring parties”.

As per the directive given by Mr. President, The Boss learnt that the Attorney-General held series of meetings with the parties involved, and on May 20, 2016 in a letter addressed to Mr. Babatunde Fashola SAN, the Attorney-General made the following recommendations:
 

1)  Government should engage Sinohydro Corpration and CGGC jointly for the purpose of executing the Mambilla Project in line with the Spirit of the Letter of Award dated January 14, 2015, on a 50-50 basis or based on other technical parameters to be determined by the Project Consultants

2)  Engage the Chinese Embassy in Nigeria/Chinese Government to ensure the success of the plan to award the job to two companies
 

3)  Sunrise Power & Transmission Company Limited should be engaged as Local Content Partner on the Mambilla Project as a means of accommodating its prior contractual interests on the project

4)  A joint meeting of the Federal Ministry of Justice and the Ministry of Power, Works and Housing for the purpose of streamlining the above positions and advising Mr. President through the Chief of Staff accordingly should be convened.
 

Curiously, six days after this legal advice, the Chief of Staff allegedly invited a Kaduna-based Chinese Company (CGC Nigeria Limited) to a meeting at the Presidency.

Present at the meeting were Sinohydro, CGC, CGGC, Mr. Fashola and some top Ministry officials. It was at this meeting that Mallam Kyari urged these three companies to cooperate and form a Joint Venture.
 

Despite being told by the Chairman of Sinohydro, and Fashola about the existing agreements with Sunrise, the CoS insisted that they should go ahead with the new arrangement, and instructed the Chinese to deal directly with the Presidency and the Ministry; not their local partners.

Not still satisfied with that move, on January 23, 2017, the Attorney General, wrote the Minister of Power, Works and Housing. The letter, HAGF/SH/2017/Vol.1/14 was titled: Request To Convene A Meeting On Procurement Process For The 3020MW Mambilla HydroElectric Power Project in Light of Outstanding Legal Issues.
 

Fashola replied three days later in a letter: FMP/6145/S.11/Vol.11/517, noting that his ministry welcomes the meeting requested that aims to resolve all issues raised.

The Minister also wrote a letter to Mr. Leno Adesanya on May 3, 2017 in response to a letter that the former had written him on March 31, 2017. He asked Mr. Adesanya to present his observations at a Stakeholders Meeting to be scheduled by the Chief of Staff to the President as proposed by the Attorney-General.
 

While everyone involved was looking forward to that meeting, Mallam Abba Kyari fired a letter he personally signed to The Honourable Minister of Power, Works and Housing on May 22, 2017 with the title: Re: Letter Referenced FMP/6145/S.II/569 In Respect of Mambilla HydroProject

The two paragraph letter stated:
 

 “Further to our discussion, kindly note that Messrs Sunrise Power and Transmission Company Limited is not party to the existing arrangements on this project.

“The Contractor engaged is Messrs CGGC-Sinohydro-CGCOC Joint Venture”.
 

Interestingly this letter was written when Mr. President was having his medical vacation abroad.

Messrs Sunrise must have been enraged by this unilateral decision of the Chief of Staff and consequently wrote the Vice President, Professor Yemi Osinbajo, who was Acting President at the time to intervene.
 

Mr. Leno Adesanya, who signed the letter as Chairman/CEO, updated the Acting President on the project, alerting him that it was the Chinese that informed them of the sad news.

He went on to make an appeal: “Your Excellency, permit me to say that over the years, we have pleaded with our financial partners to be patient with the FGN as various developments that delayed the project played out.
 

“We are however constrained to observe that the latest developments, if not rectified in line with the legal recommendations of the HAGF, prior to seeking FEC approval, shall leave us with no choice but seek legal redress where appropriate including against the Chinese government. We are however, confident that with your expected intervention, this reluctant prospect can be avoided.

“We trust your sense of justice and your commitment to the early realization of this project…”
 

The Attorney-General certainly was also unhappy with this development, little wonder that on July 24, 2017 he also wrote the Acting President.

Titled “Re: Correspondence In Respect Of The Procurement Process For The 3050MW Mambilla Hydro-Electric Power Project In Light Of Outstanding Issues”, he noted that following Mr. President’s directive of April 2016, he had developed a legal opinion, and had forwarded same to the Minister of Power, Works and Housing.
 

He re-affirmed his recommendation insisting that he informed the Chief of Staff to the President and Minister about this and he wanted the Acting President to give appropriate directive.

Well, it seemed the letters from these two men did not carry much weight because just like he had promised in the meeting in 2016, and his letter of 2017, Mallam Abba Kyari had his way and the Nigerian Company was kicked out. There was no word from the Vice President or his office on the matter.
 
We were told that many moves were made for a meeting, even President Buhari’s main man, Alhaji Mamman Daura, reportedly tried to arrange one of such meetings on September 30, 2017, but the Chief of Staff will have none of it.
 

He advised Mr. Leno Adesanya, whose company, Sunrise, had been short-changed to “go to court”.

Of course following the November announcement by Fashola, there was a chain reaction. Sunrise activated the Arbitration Clause of its November 23, 2012 GPEA Agreement, and approached the International Chambers of Commerce, International Court of Arbitration in Paris, France to take charge; and it is claiming $2.3 billion in damages and profit loss.
 

The ICC Case No. 23211/TO is between Sunrise, Federal Government of Nigeria and Sinohydro Corporation Limited.

Already the legal fireworks have begun: While Mr. Jeremie Chouraqui is lead Counsel for Sunrise, Mr. Richard Smellie is representing Sinohydro while Supo Shashore, SAN is representing the Federal Government of Nigeria.
 

Despite this move at arbitration, Sunrise, through its Lawyer, Mr. Femi Falana, SAN has written to the Attorney-General (copied to Minister of Power, Works and Housing and Presidency) still seeking ways of an amicable settlement; because Sunrise wants to execute the EPC contract based on the full compliance of the July 24, 2017 recommendations of the learned Attorney-General, Mr. Abubakar Malami, SAN, to the Federal Government.

The February 2018 letter was a last ditch request and appeal to the nation’s Chief Law Officer to intervene and midwife the resolution in line with his earlier recommendations which will save Nigeria over $2 billion, as well as stem the negative publicity that the trial will generate, especially now that Nigeria is trying to project itself as an investment-friendly destination.
 

In a bid to get a clearer picture of this drama, we decided to speak directly to the Vice President, Professor Yemi Osinbajo  (Through his Senior Special Assistant, Media, Laolu Akande), Mallam Abba Kyari, Mr. Louis Edozien, the Permanent Secretary as well as Mr. Leno Adesanya.

We wanted to know exactly why Sunrise was disqualified, which company has taken its place as Local Content Partner, and since the Chinese had committed to paying $millions of dollars to Sunrise, who will be receiving this payment? We also wanted to enquire if there was a tender and under which circumstances did Bureau of Public Procurement (BPP) issue these Chinese firms Due Process Certificates?
 

As at the time of filing this report, only the Minister of Power, Works and Housing, Mr. Babatunde Fashola, SAN, has reached out to us. He said he was not authorised to discuss Federal Executive Council meetings and decisions with the media.

He spoke three times informally to our Publisher, but declined to comment specifically on the issues raised. He stated that if there were any clarifications or observations to our story, they will be conveyed to us through the official channel.
 

The other dramatis personae have not responded. For sure, we have not heard the last of this extremely complicated saga.


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Boss Picks

Season of Awards: Renowned Publisher, Dele Momodu, Revels in Deserved Honours

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By Eric Elezuo

“Seest thou a man diligent in his business? he shall stand before kings; he shall not stand before mean men.”

The reward for hardwork is always more work, and more work is always a function of recognition. One man has over the years dedicated his life to hard work in his chosen field of endeavour, and impacting lives positively for today and for the future. He is Aare Dele Momodu, Publisher and Chairman, Ovation Media Group.

As a result of his humane and philanthropic approach to life and in management of people and resources, Aare Momodu, a veteran journalist and a frontline social and public commentator, has been at the forefront of receiving accolades both from within the shores of Nigeria and abroad.

In recent times, the journalist-cum-part time politicial has been inundated with massive flow of awards from various groups and establishments; coming in galore and avalanche.

Not long ago, on October 9, at the Oriental Hotel, in Lagos, the celebrated journalist, was named the National Association of Online Security News Publishers (NAOSNP) Media Icon of the Decade for his contribution to the field of journalism as well as lifting budding journalists to reach their desired heights.

The award was presented by the Minister of State for Police Affairs, Hajia Imaan Sulaiman-Ibrahim, who was the Distinguished Guest of Honour at the occasion, assisted by the Assistant Inspector-General of Police in charge of Zone 2, Onikan, AIG Adegoke Fayoade, among other dignitaries.

In her remarks at the presentation, the Honourable Minister praised the Ovation boss for his continuous to journalism, projecting African business and political leaders as well as other Nigerians in a positive light.

“We thank you Mr Ovation for all you do and continue to do. You deserve the award, and I happily present it to you,” the Minister, who reminisced with gusto the season Ovation covered her event, said.

In his response, an elated Dele Momodu, expressed gratitude to the executives and members of NAOSNP, whom he modestly described as ‘colleagues’, for considering him for the award, saying that it is always a thing of joy when your own constituency acknowledges your good works, and shows appreciation.

“I thank the members of this association for this award. It is fulfilling when your own colleagues remember you, and support you with an award of thus type. I thank the honorable minister for being available to present it to me. God bless the Federal Republic of Nigeria,” he said with a sense of patriotism.

That did not only follow up a flow of Awards, but opened another floodgates of honours. On November 9, at the Golden Gate Chinese Restaurant, Momodu bagged another award as the Philanthropist Icon of the Year, he dedicated to all Nigerians, who are going through one hardship or another in the present dispensation. The award presented by Supreme Magazine, at its annual Supreme Special Recognition Awards (SUSRA).

Also on the list of forthcoming awards, Aare Momodu will on Thursday, November 22 at American Corner, Lekki, be awarded with the Global Merit Award on Social Media Impact and Talent Promotion by the Silec Initiatives Group.

Also on November 29, Momodu will, at the Transcorp Hilton Hotel, Abuja, be recognised for his contributions to humanity at the Nigerian Most Influential Awards and Symposium 2024.

And on December 1, 2024, at Wells Carlton Hotel and Apartments in Abuja will decorated with the Megastar Media Icon of the Decade.

Also on December 1 2024 Momodu will be awarded with the prestigious Celebrity African Cultural Fashion Award, in Abuja.

He has been nominated alongside other distinguished Nigerians including Richard Mofe Damijo, Kanayo O. Kanayo, Earl Osaro and Obi Cubana.

According to Ambassador Judith Swaiubu, the Chief Coordinating Officer of the event, the Momodu and the others have made significant contributions towards promoting African culture.

“These individuals have made significant contributions to promoting African culture and fashion, both locally and internationally. We are honored to recognize their achievements.”

The Celebrity African Cultural Fashion Award aims to celebrate outstanding individuals who have showcased exceptional style, creativity, and dedication to African cultural heritage.

Momodu’s awards and recognitions are numerous and counting, all owing to his selfless contributions to the upliftment of the man on the street, and impact on the socio-economic development of Nigeria.

Born on May 16, 1960, in the ancient city of Ile-Ife, Osun State, Chief Dele Momodu, a distinguished African Journalist of high repute, fulfills the dictates of impeccability in credentials, testimonials and track record.

A publisher, businessman, philanthropist,  and more, he runs the highly rated Ovation International Magazine, a member of the Ovation Media Group, that has given publicity to numerous personalities. Others in his line of publications are Ovation Television and The Boss Newspaper.

Momodu has redefined negative perceptions of Africa, profiling positively African personalities, using his X, Instagram and more, where his followership runs into millions.

A former presidential candidate, Momodu has a degree in Yoruba, from the Obafemi Awolowo University and Doctorates (honoris causa) from various universities, with multiple traditional titles.

He is well traveled, and has visited over 69 countries of the world.

He is married, with four children.

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Garlands for Prolific Writer, Chinua Achebe, on 94th Posthumous Birthday

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By Eric Elezuo

Writers never die is one expression that aptly describes the immortality of the life and work of one of the world’s leading and prolific writers, teacher and profound nationalist, Chinua Achebe.

A dogged fighter, stubborn to his beliefs of an egalitarian society, and a deep adherence to culture and traditions of the African people, with special bias to his Igbo roots, Achebe lived his 83 years on earth, ensuring that no one, who lives near a river, washes his hands with spittle. His vocal and actionable condemnation of the wrongs of colonialism transcended to post colonial Nigeria, where he continued the advocacy for a just and free society, founded on equity and equality. He never reneged on his strong rebuke against corruption till he breathe his last on that fateful day in March, 2013, in Boston, Massachusetts, in the United States of America.

Perhaps, one could attribute the greatness of Chinua Achebe, as he was simply known, to quite a number of factors, most of which appears ornately abstract.

His ability to discern at an early stage his true calling, which was purely artistic and literary, prompting him to jettison an attractive opportunity to become a doctor. It is worth knowing that Achebe was admitted into the now University of Ibadan as pioneer students to study Medicine on a scholarship. However, his discovery of the way foreign authors, especially European authors described Africa, roused the nationalism in him, and prompted him to make a radical and risky change to the Humanities. The risk was enormous, but his stubborn adherence to his principles, ensured he never looked back. He lost the scholarship on that decision, and had to struggle through school though not without little support of the government as well as his brother. Looking back, his choice paid off handsomely.

Again, kudos should be given to the likes of Albert Schweitzer and Joseph Conrad, both of whom Achebe described as “a thoroughgoing racist, and Joyce Cary, who wrote Mr Johnson, for their contributions to greatness of Achebe, though unknowingly. It was Conrad’s book, Heart of Darkness, which gave Africa and Africans a completely negative description, that warranted a necessity to do a rejoinder. He decision to tell a better narrative to correct the lopsided impression of the black race led to his interest in Literature,  and finally to writing and release of the world renowned epic, Things Fall Apart, in 1957.

The Igbo culture of Storytelling also impacted Achebe’s glory. The act was a mainstay of the Igbo tradition and an integral part of the community. Wikipedia wrote that Achebe’s mother and his sister, Zinobia, told him many stories as a child, which he repeatedly requested. It was here he got most of his storyline and sharpened his storytelling acumen.

We can also give kudos to the collages his father hung on the walls of their home, as well as almanacs and numerous books—including a prose adaptation of Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream (c. 1590) and an Igbo version of Bunyan’s The Pilgrim’s Progress (1678). They play parts in honing his writing interest, and most of them were later recreate in his novels and stories, especially ceremonies of Igbo origins.

Though the Things Fall Apart is not Achebe’s first in the analysis of his writings, it broke all protocol, re-addressed biased impression, and tends to release Africa from chain of a dark continent description. Achebe made his mark with his first outing as a writer thereby fulfilling a destiny, he drafted for himself. Since then, he never looked back, churning out classics after classics that remodeled world literature, at least from the perspective of the average African man. It was therefore, for love of action and tangibility that he opposed negritude, preferring tigritude in its stead. His argument, as he put on paper says “A tiger doesn’t proclaim its tigerness; it jumps on its prey.” He wanted African writers to show the stuff they are made of rather than verbalize it.

Principled and well brought up, Achebe on many occasions, rejected national honours, saying there was actually no reason to allow himself be honoured by a corrupt society.

Today, 11 years after his death and 67 years after the publication of the blockbuster Things Fall Apart, Achebe’s image continues to loom large, remain larger than life and covering the literary world like a colossus, as well as giving Africans the pride that they so much deserve.

THE MAN CHINUA ACHEBE

Born Albert Chinụalụmọgụ Achebe on November 16 1930, sharing same birthday date with Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe, Achebe lived his entire conquering the fields of literature in every ramification. He was a novelist, poet, and critic who is regarded as a central figure of modern African literature.

He hails from Ogidi, in Anambra State, and born to a teacher-evangelist father, Isaiah Okafo Achebe, while his mother, Janet Anaenechi Iloegbunam, was church leader, farmer and daughter of a blacksmith from Awka.

Achebe grew side by side with his five other siblings; four boys and a girl. They were Frank Okwuofu, John Chukwuemeka Ifeanyichukwu, Zinobia Uzoma, Augustine Ndubisi, and Grace Nwanneka.

Achebe’s childhood was greatly influenced by both Igbo traditional culture and postcolonial Christianity, both of which he allowed to exist side by side all through his life.

Records have it that he excelled while pursuing his academic career. It was while attending what is now the University of Ibadan, that his antenna of fierce criticiam of how Western literature depicted Africa, became sharpened.

Achebe’s educational pursuit started in 1936, when he entered St Philips’ Central School in the Akpakaogwe region of Ogidi for his primary education. He was later moved to a higher class when the school’s chaplain took note of his intelligence. He showcased his brilliance from the very beginning.

“One teacher described him as the student with the best handwriting and the best reading skills in his class.”

After primary education, Achebe moved to the prestigious Government College Umuahia, in present-day Abia State, for his secondary education. He combined his formal education pursuit with attendance of Sunday school every week and the special services held monthly.

Achebe later in 1942 enrolled in Nekede Central School, outside of Owerri, and was reported to be ‘particularly studious and passed the entrance examinations for two colleges.’

He moved to Lagos after graduation, and worked for the Nigerian Broadcasting Service (NBS), garnering international attention for his 1958 novel Things Fall Apart. In less than 10 years he would publish four further novels through the publisher Heinemann, with whom he began the Heinemann African Writers Series and galvanized the careers of African writers, such as Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o and Flora Nwapa.

His first novel, described widely as his magnum opus, Things Fall Apart (1958), occupies a pivotal place in African literature and remains the most widely studied, translated, and read African novel. Along with Things Fall Apart, his No Longer at Ease (1960) and Arrow of God (1964) complete the “African Trilogy”.

Later novels include A Man of the People (1966) and Anthills of the Savannah (1987). In the West, Achebe is often referred (or recognized as) to as the “father of African literature”, although in his humility, he had at various times, vigorously rejected the characterization.

Achebe’s interest in writing was natured when he sought to escape the colonial perspective that framed African literature at the time, and drew from the traditions of the Igbo people, Christian influences, and the clash of Western and African values to create a uniquely African voice. He wrote in and defended the use of English, describing it as a means to reach a broad audience, particularly readers of colonial nations.

When the region of Biafra broke away from Nigeria in 1967, Achebe supported Biafran independence and acted as ambassador for the people of the movement appealing to the people of Europe and the Americas for aid. Though he engaged in politics at the fall of Biafra in 1970, he quickly exited as he became disillusioned over the continuous corruption and elitism he witnessed.

He lived in the United States for several years in the 1970s, and returned to the US in 1990 after a car crash left him partially paralyzed. He stayed in the US in a nineteen-year tenure at Bard College as a professor of languages and literature.

Winning the 2007 Man Booker International Prize, from 2009 until his death he was Professor of African Studies at Brown University. Achebe’s work has been extensively analyzed and a vast body of scholarly work discussing it has arisen. In addition to his seminal novels,

Achebe’s oeuvre includes numerous short stories, poetry, essays and children’s books. A titled Igbo chief himself, his style relies heavily on the Igbo oral tradition, and combines straightforward narration with representations of folk stories, proverbs, and oratory. Among the many themes his works cover are culture and colonialism, masculinity and femininity, politics, and history. His legacy is celebrated annually at the Chinua Achebe Literary Festival.

Achebe’s debut as an author was in 1950 when he wrote a piece for the University Herald, the university’s magazine, entitled “Polar Undergraduate”. It used irony and humour to celebrate the intellectual vigour of his classmates. He followed with other essays and letters about philosophy and freedom in academia, some of which were published in another campus magazine called The Bug. He served as the Herald‘s editor during the 1951–52 school year. He wrote his first short story that year, “In a Village Church” (1951), an amusing look at the Igbo synthesis between life in rural Nigeria with Christian institutions and icons. Other short stories he wrote during his time at Ibadan—including “The Old Order in Conflict with the New” (1952) and “Dead Men’s Path” (1953)—examine conflicts between tradition and modernity, with an eye toward dialogue and understanding on both sides. When the professor Geoffrey Parrinder arrived at the university to teach comparative religion, Achebe began to explore the fields of Christian history and African traditional religions.

After the final examinations at Ibadan in year 1953, Achebe was awarded a second-class degree. Rattled by not receiving the highest level, he was uncertain how to proceed after graduation and returned to his hometown of Ogidi. While pondering possible career paths, Achebe was visited by a friend from the university, who convinced him to apply for an English teaching position at the Merchants of Light school at Oba. It was a ramshackle institution with a crumbling infrastructure and a meagre library; the school was built on what the residents called “bad bush”—a section of land thought to be tainted by unfriendly spirits. It was from this ‘bad bush’ that Achebe kickstarted his career path before trying out other avenues until the Nigeria/Biafra War broke out.

Achebe returned with his family to Ogidi, at the fall of Biafra in 1970 to discover their home destroyed. He then took up a job at the University of Nigeria in Nsukka and immersed himself once again in academia. He was unable to accept invitations to other countries, however, because the Nigerian government revoked his passport due to his support for Biafra.

In the last 12  years of his life, Achebe devoted his time more academic pursuit and writings, and winning more laurels.

In 2000 he published Home and Exile, a semi-biographical collection of both his thoughts on life away from Nigeria, as well as discussion of the emerging school of Native American literature.

 In October 2005, the London Financial Times reported that Achebe was planning to write a novella for the Canongate Myth Series, a series of short novels in which ancient myths from myriad cultures are reimagined and rewritten by contemporary authors.

Achebe was awarded the Man Booker International Prize in June 2007. The award helped correct what “many perceived as a great injustice to African literature, that the founding father of African literature had not won some of the key international prizes.”

For the International Festival of Igbo culture, Achebe briefly returned to Nigeria to give the Ahajioku Lecture. Later that year he published The Education of A British-Protected Child, a collection of essays. In autumn he joined the Brown University faculty as the David and Marianna Fisher University Professor of Africana Studies.

In 2010, Achebe was awarded The Dorothy and Lillian Gish Prize for $300,000, one of the richest prizes for the arts.

In 2012, Achebe published There Was a Country: A Personal History of Biafra. The work re-opened the discussion about the Nigerian Civil War. It would be his last publication during his lifetime; Achebe died after a short illness on 21 March 2013 in Boston, United States. He was buried in his hometown of Ogidi.

Achebe, there was indeed a man! And on this 94th Posthumous birthday, the world raises a toast.

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Boss Picks

My Achievements, a Function of Clear Vision, Strategic Plan, Dedicated Team – Senator Ajagunnla

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By Eric Elezuo

While most Nigerians complain about the inefficiency of most of their representatives in the Senate, very many others are head over heels in joy and excitement regarding the humongous projects their frontliners are churning out, ranging from infrastructure development and human capacity development to sheer philanthropism.

One of such senators, who is at home with the reasons he is in the Senate, and dishing out maximum performance, is the Senator representing Osun Central Senatorial District, and the Basofin, Ajagunnla Olubiyi Fadeyi; a wholesome entrepreneur, family man and a man with an eye for details.

In this exclusive interview with The Boss, in his Abuja office, Senator Ajagunnla went down memorylane to provide answers to the myriad of firsts that make him the ceteris paribus of senatorial representation, as well as a deep reflection on his 18 months of stewardship as a senator, the magnificent launch of a Two Billion Naira Intervention Fund among a host of others.

Excerpts:

Senator Fadeyi sir, could you please start by sharing a brief of your educational background, and how it has shaped your political career?

Certainly! My educational journey dates back to my early days in Ife, where I attended the prestigious University of Ife now Obafemi Awolowo University. I followed it up with a Masters degree in the United Kingdom, and went ahead to attend the renowned Harvard School, Oxford, and London School of Economics. This great institutions have been, and make profound influence over my career trajectory.

Education for me has always been a pathway to make a difference, and Nelson Mandela’s words resonate deeply with me: “Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.” It is this philosophy that motivates me daily to serve my constituents, and the broader Nigerian community, in the Senate, striving to use my platform for impactful change.

That’s really very obvious. Now, before joining politics, what was your professional journey like, and how did it prepare you for the Senate?

My career journey is a consequence of international engagements, which have taken me to over 20 countries, where I was fully engaged in financial business investment and infrastructure development in roads, bridges and deep seaport construction. These deepened my leadership and global outlook. Again, studying at the prestigious Harvard Business School, Harvard Law School and Harvard Kennedy School of Government strengthened my expertise in international business and now, in my legislative duties. As you can see, I use them to benefit my constituency and Nigeria at large.

Serving as Vice Chairman of the Senate Committee on Communication, Trade, and Investment, I’ve leveraged my background to support substantial projects in Nigeria including the $3 billion Green Line Rail Project, the $750 million Lekki Port Access Road, the $1.5 billion Lekki Deep Sea Port investment and $1.6 billion Abuja-Keffi-Markudi-9th Mile-Enugu Dualization road project with my core partners in the last 14 years. These initiatives are bringing direct economic benefits and creating thousands of jobs for Nigerians. Each project reflects my commitment to fostering a globally competitive Nigeria through strategic partnerships and foreign investment.

What prompted or inspired your entry into politics, and how has that journey been so far?

My primary inspiration was my father; an educationist, elder stateman, Member of the House of Representatives (MHR) in the 2nd Republic under Unity Party of Nigeria (UPN), representing Ila Federal Constituency, who devoted his life to mentoring young minds. His dedication to human capacity and capital development instilled in me the importance of public service.

John Quincy Adams captured it well when he said, “If your actions inspire others to dream more, learn more, do more, and become more, you are a leader.” Although it has been a journey marked by challenges, the chance to enact and effect change for my senatorial zone and country is a privilege that makes every effort worth the while.

Your achievements notwithstanding, there will always be challenges. Kindly talk about the challenges you faced on your way to the Senate?

Like you rightly said, as with any journey to leadership, there were obstacles. Leadership isn’t always comfortable, as Martin Luther King Jr. would say: “The ultimate measure of a man is not where he stands in moments of comfort, but where he stands at times of challenge and controversy.” The road was far from smooth, with both internal and external hurdles. Yet, these experiences have strengthened my resolve and solidified my commitment to bring positive change for the people who put their trust in me.

Who are the mentors or role models that have influenced your political career?

Again, I would say my father; he is undisputed, undoubtedly a guiding figure, a mentor, a teacher who taught me that leadership is about integrity, resilience, and service. Additionally, I look up to many world leaders whose lives exemplify commitment to public good. Their examples have been instrumental in my journey.

What are your main legislative priorities for Osun Central and Nigeria?

My goal is to foster sustainable development across our communities with total consideration to the words of Franklin D. Roosevelt, who said, “The test of our progress is not whether we add more to the abundance of those who have much; it is whether we provide enough for those who have too little.” My legislative focus is on job creation, educational advancement, and infrastructure development, aiming for a future where every Nigerian has the tools to thrive.

Now, how do you respond to critics, who say the Senate is overpaid and underperforming?

I take this criticism seriously, and understand why it exists. As a senator, I believe in working with dedication, transparency, and accountability. Theodore Roosevelt said it best: “Do what you can, with what you have, where you are.” I work each day to show Nigerians that our commitment to their welfare is genuine.

Transparency is a major concern in the allocation of constituency projects. How do you ensure funds are effectively utilized?

Transparency is essential. I am a firm believer in the saying, “Sunlight is the best disinfectant.” By involving community stakeholders, and keeping an open line with my constituents, I make sure every project is monitored, every fund spent is accounted for, and that our resources truly impact people’s lives.

Many Nigerians feel the Senate does not focus on issues affecting the common person. How do you address this?

Each time we debate in the 10th Senate, we’re representing the people’s voices, raising concerns that reflect their daily challenges. My commitment is to continue advocating policies and projects that directly address the needs of the average Nigerian, ensuring that the Senate’s work resonates with them.

How do you stay connected with the people of Osun Central?

I stay engaged through grassroots efforts and personal visits, town hall meetings, and inclusion of Royal fathers is key. This helps me to address community needs directly. Recently, we rehabilitated critical roads, installed transformers, and set up solar-powered boreholes, among other projects. By listening to, and acting on the people’s needs, I am ensuring that they remain my priority.

Balancing public service with family can be demanding. How do you manage this?

My love for my constituents is profound, but my family is irreplaceable. With their unwavering support, I am able to balance these responsibilities, always aiming to serve both my family and my community with dedication.

How were you able to achieve so much for your constituents in such a short period?

It’s all about having a clear vision, putting together strategy plan with a dedicated team. As Henry Ford said, “Coming together is a beginning, staying together is progress, and working together is success.” Through partnerships and teamwork, we’ve implemented projects quickly, and my commitment to human capital development, including the Ajagunnla Olubiyi Fadeyi Bursary awards has impacted over 1,650 students across disciplines and Training of 20 youths in China in Agriculture development, IT, AI, Digital Economy and CNG Conversion.

On a finally note sir, how would you react to the advocacy for their own state by the Igbomina-speaking people?

In a democracy, everyone deserves a sense of belonging. With their rich resources, from gold to marble and talc, the Igbomina people present a viable case. Our role in the 10th Assembly is to consider these aspirations while balancing national priorities.

It’s been wonderful speaking with you sir. Thank you for your time.

The pleasure is mine, Eric, thank you!

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