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Opinion

Panorama: Osteoarthritis and the Role of Physiotherapy

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By Fatima Suleiman Halilu and Maryam Bashir Galadanci

Osteoarthritis (O.A), popularly known as a degenerative joint disease (DJD) is commonly defined as the gradual ‘’wear’’ and ‘’tear of the protective tissues at the end of bones that occurs over time with aging. Recent research and clinical evidence have shown that O.A is beyond ‘’ wear’’ and ‘’tear’’ and is an interplay of Physical, biological, and mechanical factors that affects the repair of joint cartilage (protective soft tissue for shock absorption) and surrounding structures leading to changes in joint structures. It is the most common type of arthritis and a major cause of pain in the elderly.

Osteoarthritis affects over 520 million people globally. According to research, there has been a 48% increase in osteoarthritis cases from the year 1990 to the year 2019 and the figures are expected to rise in the coming years. It is a major cause of disability in developing and developed countries and is expected to increase as the population ages. In age groups below 50yrs, men are more often affected, while in the older population the disease is more common in women with a ratio of 2:1 (due to a decrease in sex hormones with menopause). Research on the prevalence of O.A in Africa remains scarce, but a study carried out in South Africa revealed 55.1% of those affected in the urban population and about 87.2% in the rural population are adults aged 65 and above. A certain study on reported cases in healthcare facilities in Nigeria estimated that about 3.3 -7.1% of the population of the country have O.A. This figure is however believed not to be the true value of the cases in the community as there is still little awareness of the condition and more research needs to be carried out.

Osteoarthritis can affect any joint, but the most commonly affected of them are the weight-bearing joints (knee, hip, and spine). With aging over time and repetitive weight bearing on these joints, they start to deteriorate in function. Knee O.A accounts for about 60% of diagnosed O.A cases.

There are two types of O.A: Primary O.A and secondary O.A. The causes of primary O.A are still unclear but genetics is believed to play a role in it. Secondary O.A is caused by s specific triggers that exacerbate cartilage breakdown. Examples of such triggers are joint, injuries, metabolic and inflammatory diseases, Inactivity, and Abnormal mechanical forces.

Signs and symptoms include Pain, stiffness, limitations in movement, a snap/crackle and pop Sound (crepitus) while moving the joints, Muscle weakness, Mild Swelling, tenderness and decreased quality of life. Some joint-specific symptoms might also set in.

Risk factors include Age above 45, Female gender, Overweight or Obesity, Genetics, Trauma or injury to the joints, repetitive stress, sports injuries, joint malalignment, Bone deformities, Occupations that involve certain repetitive movements like bending and prolonged standing, and living a sedentary lifestyle.

Complications that might arise due to O.A include Loss of muscle bulk(atrophy), joint instability, joint deformity, balance impairments and fall risks, neurological symptoms, disability, and depression.

Osteoarthritis is diagnosed through detailed patient history taking, physical examinations, and some special tests. An X-ray may sometimes be done to determine the extent of changes in the affected joint or to eliminate other similar conditions like gout arthritis. CT and MRIs are rarely done. Lab tests might also be carried out if there is a need to rule out conditions like septic arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.

Osteoarthritis is a chronic, progressive lifelong condition that cannot be cured. Symptoms can, however, be managed conservatively and the disease progression slowed down through the use of medications, supplements, intra-articular injections, diet, lifestyle adjustments, weight loss, and Physiotherapy. In severe cases, joint replacement surgery might be required.

The World Health Organisation recommends Physiotherapy as the first line of management for osteoarthritis. Physiotherapists are specialized health care professionals concerned with improving human function, and movement and maximizing physical potential. On September 8th each year, World Physiotherapy (formerly the World Confederation of Physical Therapy, WCPT) marks World Physiotherapy day as a day to celebrate the profession worldwide and create awareness of health issues concerned with the profession. The 2022 World Physiotherapy theme is ‘’Osteoarthritis and the role of Physiotherapy’’.

Physiotherapists play a vital role in the management of O.A. Their roles span from preventive, to conservative management to pre-and post-joint replacement surgery management. In the preventive stage, Physiotherapists educate patients, clients, and the general public on, the causes, effects, and risk factors of osteoarthritis. Modifiable risk factors like being overweight/ obese and sports injuries can be addressed and managed by a Physiotherapist. Preventive measures are also given.

The conservative role of physiotherapy in osteoarthritis is aimed at slowing down the disease progression, preventing occurrences in other joints, fall prevention, and management of symptoms like pain, swelling, joint stiffness, joint instability, tenderness, impaired mobility, or balance. Physiotherapy also helps improve muscle strength, joint motion, and flexibility, and encourages participation in daily activities with ease. Additionally, Physiotherapists encourage weight loss and design exercises to cater to that. All this ultimately improves the patient’s quality of life. Methods and techniques applied to achieve this include Range of motion exercises, muscle strengthening exercises, stretching exercises, balance exercises, aerobic exercises, functional activity exercises, manual therapy, joint mobilizations, hot and cold therapy, electrotherapy, hydrotherapy (exercises on water) Muscle energy techniques, use of orthotic devices like a knee brace, splint, neck collar, use of a cane and other mobility aids. The type, frequency, and intensity of the exercises, treatment plan, and materials used are dependent not only on the joint structures and muscles affected or the extent of their affectation but also on other factors like the Patient’s goals, age, gender, occupation, body mass index and the presence of other medical conditions. lifestyle. activity level, exercise tolerance, and sometimes beliefs influence management plans. A well-detailed history taking, physical assessment, investigations, and special tests will help your Physiotherapist design a personalized treatment plan that best suits you. These treatment plans are progressive and will usually get improved or adjusted over time with patient improvement or lack of it. Your Physiotherapist will also advise you on a diet, lifestyle adjustments, coping strategies, proper posture, ergonomic/workplace adjustments, and practices.

In cases where conservative management like Physiotherapy fails or certain symptoms and complications set in, Surgery is required. Physiotherapy plays an important pre-and post-operative role in joint replacement surgeries. In the pre-operative phase, patients are assessed holistically and educated on what to expect after surgery including precautions to take and absolute restrictions. They are informed of symptoms to expect like pain, possible swelling, restricted movement, and muscular weakness and how their Physiotherapists can help address them. Their goals are being put into consideration and they are being taught bed exercises and safe transfer methods.

Physiotherapy may commence a few hours after surgery taking into consideration the general health status of the patient and the type of surgical procedure done. A Physiotherapist would perform a detailed assessment and design an appropriate treatment plan according to patient needs, goals, and capabilities. This aims to promote patient independence, address post-surgical symptoms, prevent complications, improve the general health status of the patient and reduce hospital stay. Strengthening exercises, aerobic exercises for improved cardiovascular function, mobility and transfer training, balance and coordination exercises, and walking re-education are among the strategies employed by Physiotherapists post-joint replacement surgeries. Your physiotherapist will be responsible for training you to make use of assistive aids like a wheelchair, walking frames, and canes, graduating you in stages and eventually weaning you off to encourage functional independence. In-patient discharge rules and outpatient appointment sessions for follow-ups, monitoring, and progression are usually given to patients. This has proven to improve the outcome of surgery.

For consultations, and more information about Physiotherapy and Osteoarthritis, contact the nearest Physiotherapist to you. Also, check www.world.physio/wptday and https://nsphysio.org/.

MYTHS VS FACTS:

MYTH FACT
O.A is a disease of old age While most cases of O.A are diagnosed from ages 45 and above, younger people do get O.A
Exercises and activities worsen O. A While certain movements, exercises, and activities might worsen O.A symptoms, a carefully planned exercise regimen by a qualified Physiotherapist can help manage the symptoms of O.A and improve quality of life.
O.A is caused or triggered by cold weather There is no evidence that cold weather causes O.A. However, people are more likely to be inactive during cold seasons. This triggers O.A symptoms in an already affected joint

Fatima Suleiman Halilu PT, and Maryam Bashir Galadanci PT,  are members of Kano State Chapter of Nigeria Society of Physiotherapy (NSP)

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Opinion

The State of Leadership Today: A Look at Global, African and Nigerian Realities

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By Tolulope A. Adegoke PhD

“Leadership for our age is measured not by the height of the throne, but by the depth of its roots in integrity, the breadth of its embrace of collective talent, and the courage to cultivate systems that bear fruit for generations yet unseen” – Tolulope A. Adegoke, PhD.

Leadership today is at a crossroad. Around the world, in our communities, and within our organizations, old ways of leading are straining under new pressures. This isn’t just a theoretical discussion; it’s about the quality of our daily lives, the success of our businesses, and the future of our nations. Let’s walk through the current trends, understand their very real impacts, and then explore practical, hands-on solutions that can unlock a better future for everyone.

Part 1: The Leadership Landscape – Where We Stand

The Global Picture: Beyond the Solo Leader

The image of the all-powerful, decisive leader at the top of a pyramid is fading. Today, effective leadership looks different. It’s more about empathy and service than authority. People expect their leaders—in companies and governments—to be authentic, to listen, and to foster teams where everyone feels safe to contribute. Furthermore, leadership is now tightly linked to purpose and responsibility. It’s no longer just about profits or power; stakeholders demand action on climate, fair treatment of workers, and ethical governance. Leaders must also be tech-savvy guides, helping their people navigate constant digital change while dealing with unpredictable global events that disrupt even the best-laid plans.

Africa’s Dynamic Challenge: Youth and Promise

Africa’s story is one of incredible potential meeting stubborn challenges. The continent is young, energetic, and full of innovative spirit. Yet, this tremendous asset often feels untapped. Too frequently, a gap exists between this rising generation and established leadership structures, leading to frustration. While the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) presents a historic chance for economic unity, it requires leaders who think beyond their own borders. At the same time, democratic progress sometimes stalls, with leaders clinging to power. The most pragmatic leaders are those who engage with the vibrant informal economy—the hustlers, market traders, and artisans—who form the backbone of daily life and hold the key to inclusive growth.

Nigeria’s Pressing Reality: Crisis and Resilience

In Nigeria, the leadership experience often feels like moving from one emergency to the next. Attention is consumed by immediate crises—security threats, economic swings, infrastructure breakdowns—making long-term planning difficult. This has triggered a profound loss of confidence, visibly seen in the “Japa” phenomenon, where skilled professionals leave seeking stability and opportunity abroad. This brain drain is a direct critique of the system. Politics remains deeply influenced by ethnic and regional loyalties, which can overshadow competence and national vision. Yet, in the face of these trials, a remarkable spirit of entrepreneurial resilience shines through. Nigeria’s business people and tech innovators are daily solving problems and creating value, often compensating for wider systemic failures.

Part 2: The Real-World Impact – How This Affects Us All

These trends are not abstract; they touch lives, businesses, and countries in tangible ways.

·         On Everyday People: When leadership is perceived as self-serving or ineffective, trust evaporates. People feel anxious about the future and disconnected from their leaders. This can manifest as cynicism, social unrest, or the difficult decision to emigrate. The struggle to find good jobs, feel secure, and build a future becomes harder, deepening inequalities.

·         On Companies and Organizations: Businesses operate in a tough space. They face a war for talent, competing to retain skilled employees who have global options. They must also navigate unpredictable policies, provide their own power and security, and balance profitability with rising demands for social responsibility. The burden of operating in a challenging environment increases costs and risk.

·         On Nations: Countries plagued by poor governance face a competitiveness crisis. They struggle to attract the kind of long-term investment that builds economies. Policy becomes unstable, changing with political winds, which scares off investors and stalls development. Ultimately, this can destabilize not just one nation but entire regions, as problems like insecurity and migration spill across borders.

Part 3: A Practical Pathway Forward – Building Leadership That Delivers

The situation is complex, but it is not hopeless. Turning things around requires deliberate, concrete actions focused on systems, not just individuals.

1. Fortify Institutions with Transparency and Merit.

We must build systems so strong that they work regardless of who is in charge.

·         Action: Legally protect key institutions—the electoral body, the civil service, the courts—from political interference. Appointments must be based on proven competence and integrity, not connections.

·         Action: Implement technology-driven transparency. Let citizens track government budgets and projects in real time through public online portals. Sunshine is the best disinfectant.

2. Bridge the Gap Between Leaders and the Led.

Leadership must become a conversation, not a monologue.

·         Action: Create mandatory Youth Advisory Councils at all levels of government and in large corporations. Give young people a formal platform to contribute ideas and hold leaders accountable on issues like education, digital innovation, and job creation.

·         Action: Leaders must adopt regular, unscripted “town hall” meetings and use simple digital platforms to explain decisions and gather feedback directly from citizens and employees.

3. Channel Entrepreneurship into National Solutions.

Harness the proven problem-solving power of the private sector.

·         Action: Establish Public-Private Impact Partnerships. For example, the government can partner with tech companies to roll out digital identity systems or with agribusinesses to build modern farm-to-market logistics. Clear rules and shared goals are key.

·         Action: Launch National Challenge Funds that invite entrepreneurs and researchers to compete to solve specific national problems, like local clean energy solutions or affordable healthcare diagnostics, with funding and market access as the prize.

4. Redeploy Nigeria’s Greatest Export: Its Diaspora.

Turn the brain drain into a brain gain.

·         Action: Create a Diaspora Knowledge & Investment Bureau. This agency would actively connect Nigerians abroad with opportunities to mentor, invest in startups, or take up short-term expert roles in Nigerian institutions, transferring vital skills and capital.

·         Action: Offer tangible incentives, like tax breaks or matching funds, for diaspora-led investments in critical sectors like healthcare, renewable energy, and vocational training.

5. Cultivate a New Mindset in Every Citizen.

Ultimately, the culture of leadership starts with us.

·         Action: Integrate ethics, civic responsibility, and critical thinking into the core curriculum of every school. Leadership development begins in the classroom.

·         Action: Celebrate and reward “Local Champions”—the honest councilor, the community organizer, the business owner who trains apprentices. We must honor integrity and service in our everyday circles to reshape our collective expectations.

Conclusion: The Work of Building Together

The challenge before us is not to find a single heroic leader. It is to participate in building a better system of leadership. This means championing institutions that work, demanding transparency in our spaces, mentoring someone younger, and holding ourselves to high ethical standards in our own roles.

For Nigeria and Africa, the possibility of a brighter future is not a dream; it is a choice. It is the choice to move from complaining about leaders to building leadership. It is the choice to value competence over connection, to seek common ground over division, and to invest in the long-term health of our community. This work is hard and requires patience, but by taking these practical steps—starting today and in our own spheres—we lay the foundation for a tomorrow defined by promise, stability, and shared success. The power to deliver that possibility lies not in one person’s hands, but in our collective will to act.

Dr. Tolulope A. Adegoke, AMBP-UN is a globally recognized scholar-practitioner and thought leader at the nexus of security, governance, and strategic leadership. His mission is dedicated to advancing ethical governance, strategic human capital development, and resilient nation-building, and global peace. He can be reached via: tolulopeadegoke01@gmail.comglobalstageimpacts@gmail.com

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Opinion

Globacom Redefines Standard for Telecoms in 2026

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By Michael Abimboye

As always, Globacom is at the heart of telecoms transformation in Nigeria. The acquisition of additional spectrum, is a decisive move that has expanded network capacity and fundamentally improved customer experience.

With the ability to carry significantly higher data volumes at greater speeds, users are seeing faster downloads, stronger uploads, seamless video streaming, and clearer voice calls even at peak periods. Crucially, this expansion has driven down latency. Independent performance testing has ranked Glo as the network with the lowest latency in Nigeria, meaning faster response times whenever data commands are initiated.

This spectrum advantage is being matched on the ground by the rollout of thousands of new LTE sites nationwide. Network capacity has increased pan-Nigeria, with noticeably higher download speeds across regions. At the same time, the installation of thousands of additional towers is easing congestion and closing coverage gaps, particularly in high-density locations such as markets and tertiary institutions, where demand for fast, reliable internet is highest.

Power reliability, often the silent determinant of network quality, is also being reengineered. Globacom has deployed hybrid battery power systems across numerous sites, reducing dependence on diesel while improving sustainability. Beyond cost efficiency, this greener model delivers stronger uptime ensuring uninterrupted power supply and optimal performance for base stations and switching centres.

Behind the scenes, Glo has upgraded its switching systems and data centres to accommodate rising traffic volumes nationwide. These upgrades are designed not only for today’s demand but to ensure the network consistently meets performance KPIs well into the future, even as data consumption continues to grow.

Equally significant is the massive reconstruction and expansion of Globacom’s optic fibre cable (OFC) network. Along highways and metro routes affected by road construction, fibre routes are being reconstructed and relocated to safeguard service continuity. Thousands of kilometres of new fibre have also been rolled out nationwide, fortifying the OFC backbone, improving redundancy, reducing network glitches, and enabling the network to handle increasingly heavy data loads with resilience.

These investments collectively address long-standing coverage gaps while driving densification and capacity enhancement in already active areas, ensuring a more balanced and reliable national footprint.

At the core layer, Globacom is modernising its network elements through new platforms and applications, upgraded enterprise and interconnect billing systems, and an expanding roster of roaming partners for both in-roaming and out-roaming services strengthening its integration into the global telecoms ecosystem.

Taken together, these are not incremental upgrades. They represent a deliberate, system-wide repositioning.

In 2026, Globacom is not just improving its network; it is asserting itself as the technical leader in Nigeria’s telecommunications industry and has gone on a spending spree to satisfy the millions of subscribers enjoying seamless connectivity across Nigeria.

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Opinion

How GLO Sustains Everyday Businesses in Kano, Nigeria’s Centre of Commerce

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By Dr Sani Sa’idu Baba

For more than two weeks, Kano woke up under a veil of fog. Not the poetic kind, but the stubborn Harmattan fog that dulls vision, slows movement, and disrupts daily rhythm. Dawn arrived quietly. Shops opened late. Calls failed repeatedly. Internet bars blinked on and off like uncertain promises. Across the state, one reality became impossible to ignore: communication had become a struggle. This reality carried even greater weight in the capital of Kano, the centre of commerce in Nigeria.

As Ramadan approaches and gradually leads to the celebration of Eid-el-Fitr, everyone understands what this season represents. It is a period when online businesses, both big and small, become a major source of livelihood for millions. Traders prepare for peak demand, online vendors scale up advertising, and buyers from across the country look to Kano for goods. Visitors stream in from other states, transactions multiply, and the success of this entire commercial ecosystem depends heavily on one thing: seamless network connectivity between buyers and sellers.
In Kano, where business breathes through phone calls, alerts, and instant messages, poor network is not just inconvenient, it is costly. Calling became difficult. Browsing the internet felt like a battle. For many, it meant frustration. For others, it meant loss.

As these challenges persisted day after day, conversations across the city began to take a clear and consistent direction. In homes, offices, and markets, a new conversation began to dominate discussions. A brother of mine, deeply involved in the communication business at Farm Center Market, the largest hub for telecom activity in Kano shared his amazement. Day after day, customers walked up to data vendors with one clear, confident request: “Glo data.” Not alternatives. Not experiments. Just Glo, he said. At first, it seemed puzzling. If you were already on Glo, you might not even notice the difference. But for those struggling on other networks, the contrast was undeniable. In the middle of foggy mornings and unstable signals, Glo stood firm.

And soon, the conversation spread everywhere. At tea junctions in the early hours, as people warmed their hands around cups of shayi, discussions circled around how Glo “held up” when others disappeared. In university classrooms, students whispered comparisons before lectures began, who could download materials, who could submit assignments, and which network actually worked. More strikingly, Glo users quietly turned their phones into lifelines, sharing hotspots with classmates so others could access lecture notes, submit assignments, and stay connected. At sports viewing centres, between goals and missed chances, fans debated networks with the same passion as football rivalries. In markets, traders told customers how Glo saved their day. In every gathering of people across Kano, Glo became the reference point. The reason was simple: Glo had saved businesses.

Consider the POS operator by the roadside. Every successful transaction that attracts him/her ₦100 here, ₦200 there is survival. Failed transfers mean angry customers and lost income. During these fog-heavy days, many operators would have been stranded. But where Glo bars stayed strong, withdrawals went through, alerts dropped, and trust preserved.

Picture a roadside trader making her first sale of the day through a simple WhatsApp call, her voice steady as she confirms an order that will set the tone for her business. Nearby, an online vendor advertises products in WhatsApp groups, responds to messages, takes calls from interested buyers, and confirms deliveries, all in real time. Behind every one of these small but significant transactions is reliable connectivity. Delivery riders weaving through traffic and racing against time also depend on uninterrupted network access to reach customers, confirm payments, and complete orders. In moments when other networks struggled, Glo quietly kept these wheels of commerce turning, ensuring that daily hustle did not grind to a halt. Beyond the busy streets of the city, the impact of this reliability becomes even more profound in remote villages in Kano.

Back in Kano city, rising transportation costs have reshaped the way people work. Many professionals have had no choice but to adapt, turning their homes into offices and relying heavily on the internet to stay productive. Many now attend virtual meetings, send large files, collaborate remotely, and meet deadlines without leaving their homes. In a period marked by economic pressure and uncertainty, dependable internet is no longer a convenience, it is a necessity. In these conditions, Glo continues to provide the stability that keeps work moving forward.

At this point, Glo stops being seen merely as a telecommunications company. It emerges as the invisible backbone of the Nigerian hustle, supporting the determination and resilience of everyday people. From POS operators and online merchants to students, delivery services, market traders, and remote workers who refuse to give up, Glo remains present in the background, quietly powering their efforts. In tough terrains, harsh weather, and challenging times, when other networks fluctuate or fade, Glo stays connected.

You may not always hear it announce itself loudly, and you may not notice it when everything is working smoothly. But when a single call saves a business, when one alert prevents a financial loss, and when one stable connection keeps a dream alive, Glo proves its value, not as noise or empty promises, but as consistent reliability and lived experience. And that is how quietly, consistently, and powerfully Glo continues to power Nigeria’s everyday businesses, sustaining dreams and survival UNLIMITEDLY…

Dr. Baba writes from Kano, and can reached via drssbaba@yahoo.com

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