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The Oracle: Nigeria Nation, The Past, Present and Future (Pt. 1)

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By Mike Ozekhome

THE PAST FROM LORD LUGARD TO BALEWA

Nigeria as a nation became one in a visible entity in the year 1914 when Lord Fredrick Lugard amalgamated the Southern and Northern protectorates and Lagos colony. Ever since then, what is now known today as Nigeria steadily evolved. Nigeria was colonized by the British. Nigerians fought relentlessly before she finally gained her independence on October 1, 1960. Nigeria as an independent nation later became Republican in 1963 with a non executive president. On January 15, 1966, there was a military coup de’ tat which overthrew the regime of Alhaji Sir Abubakar Tafawa Belewa. The coup was led by the revolutionary Major Kaduna Nzeogwu Chukwumah.

THE FIRST COUP DE TAT, IRONSI AND GOWON

The military coup ushered in major General J.T.U Aguiyi-Ironsi which promulgated the very unpopular unification Decree. On July 29, 1966, the regime of Aguiyi-ironsi was overthrown by elements of the Nigerian Military led by colonel General Yakubu Gowon who subsequently became the Head of State.

THE BLOODY CIVIL WAR

The Skirmishes associated with the coup and the question of who should be the Head of State coupled with deep-seated animosity and the program on the Ibos resident in the North eventually led to secession with the proclamation of the Republic of Biafra Colonel Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu. This latter escalated into a full blown war on July 6, 1967 and lasted till January 10, 1970. During the civil war, Nigerians loss in human and capital resources was monumental and unquantifiable. Human resources running into millions of people were lost. The Nigerian government spends millions of naira to mark every January 15 which is set aside as “Remembrance Day”. It is pathetic but permit me to say that the widows and the loved ones of the soldiers that died in the war are without food and many without shelter. Many soldiers who survived the war are today not being remembered. They spend weeks on queue trying to collect their meagre pension where some of them have died as a result of the untold hardship which these old men are subjected to.

FROM GOWON TO MURITALA MOHAMMED

Gowon’s Administration which was famed for profligacy and broken promises was toppled by the Murtala Mohammed junta on July 29, 1975. The Murtala Administration was hailed as the best Military Administration as the general was determined to restore Nigeria back to its past glory. Most regrettably however, enemies of progress, who never wanted Murtala’s laudible and lofty ideas to come into fruition led by colonel Buka Suka Dinka waylaid and assassinated him in a botched coup on his way from the Mosque to his office on February 13, 1976. Consequent upon his assassination, General Olusegun Obasanjo being the second in command to the late Murtala Mohammed took over the mantle of leadership.

FROM OBASANJO TO SHAGARI

Under Obasanjo’s leadership as Head of State, Nigeria witnessed series of policies such as “Operation Feed the Nation”, Universal Free Primary Education, etc. None of these policies, improved or ameliorated the economic situation of the Nigerian people. The regime after three years finally organized and conducted a presidential election for Nigeria. In the election, five political parties participated. They were the Unity Party of Nigeria (UPN), National Party of Nigeria (NPN), Nigerian People’s Party (NPP), Peoples Redemption Party (PRP) and the Great Nigeria People’s Party (GNPP). The election result showed that the candidate of Nigeria People’s Party, Alhaji Shehu Shagari won the election by winning twelve and half states out of nineteen states. The result of the election was seriously contested by the runner-up, Chief Obafemi Awolowo wherein the Supreme Court after listening to the opinion of the revered mathematician, Prof. Chike Obi declared Alhaji Shehu Shagari as the winner. Even though the Supreme Court had since declared that the judgment should not be followed as a precedent, opinions still linger that the judgment was nothing short of a political judgment.

THE BUHARI ERA

The Nigerian people had not reaped the dividends of democracy when the military once again struck on December 31, 1983 under the leadership of major General Mohammed Buhari. Immediately after Buhari took over, he sent some of the second Republic Politicians into the gulag. People like Chief Olabisi Onabanjo of Ogun State and Prof. Ambrose Alli of the Old Bendel State died as a result of their long incarceration in prison.

Under the Buhari Administration, discipline was forcibly infused into the Nigerian polity Consequent upon the mantra called War Against Indiscipline (WAI). But suffice to say that Nigerians economic hardship continued as discipline alone could not put food on the table of Nigerians.

GEN. IBRAHIM BABANGIDA

Buhari’s regime was finally toppled by his former school mate, Major General Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida (IBB) in August, 1985. He called himself “military president” instead of “Head of State”. Babangida promised to hand over to a dully democratically elected president on October 1, 1999. Babangida later reneged on his promise to hand over to a civilian government in 1990 Nigerians suffered unprecedented deceptive tendencies. His double speak was o unparalleled that Nigerians nicknamed him “Maradona”. Abiola and June 12 After several failed promises to hand over to a civilian government, he finally organized and conducted an election in June 12, 1993 wherein Chief M.K.O Abiola contested under the umbrella of Social Democratic Party (SDP) The National Republican Convention (NRC) fielded Alhaji Bashir Tofa as its presidential candidate in the June 12, 1993 election. The election was adjudged the freest and fair election ever conducted in Nigeria. Chief M.K.O Abiola indisputably won the election with a landside margin. But to the chagrin of Nigerians and the international community, Babangida annulled this freest and fairest election in Nigeria. The annulment triggered off reactions from within and outside Nigeria. There were protest and demonstrations across the length and breath of Nigeria, including the North which resulted in the laws of many lives and wanton destruction of property. Chief M.K.O Abiola, the acclaimed winner of the election fled abroad for security reasons.

FROM SHONEKAN TO ABACHA

The agitation for the validation of the June 12 election persisted. The pressure on the Babangida administration became so unbearable, that he “stepped” aside on August, 27, 1993 thereby handing over to Ernest Shonekan as the Head of an Interim National Government. Despite the declaration of a court of law (Coram: Dolapo Akinsanya) that the interim National Government was illegal, Shonekan remained on his seat until November 17, 1993, when he was shoved aside by the dark goggled General, Sanni Abacha in what can be termed a palace coup. The day Abacha took over was the day Nigeria entered the darkest days of military brutality. Abacha’s regime unleashed a reign of terror on Nigerians he suspected at any slightest opportunity to be antagonizing his regime. Consequent upon this unprecedented doctorial tendencies, various pressure groups sprang up. The most vibrant and confrontational were the National Democratic Coalition (NADECO) and the Joint Action Committee of Nigeria (JACON). Some of the Chieftains of NADECO like Prof. Wole Soyinka, Sen. Bola Armed Tinubu among others were sent on exile. Jacon paraded the likes of Chief Gani Fawehinmi, Chief Mike Ozekhome, Mr. Femi Falana, Dr. Tunji Abayomi, Dr. Fredrick Fashehun and so on.

Chief M.K.O Abiola’s Declaration

In June 1994, Chief M.K.O Abiola, the acclaimed winner of June 12 election declared himself the president. Consequent upon this Chief M.K.O Abiola was charged with treason, an act which engineered reaction from within and outside the country.

Some NADECO Chieftains who remained in Nigeria were terrorized and brutalized by Abacha’s “Killer Squad” Abacha planned to succeed himself in office despite contrary agitation by Nigerians. Abacha was desperate. He went ahead with the plan until June 8, 1998 when the cold arm of death snatched him away. Update, the details of Abiola and Abacha’s death are still sketchy.

GENERAL ADBUDULSALAMI ABUBARKAR

The sudden death of Abacha ushered in the regime of General Abdusalam Abubarkar, who many thought would hand over to M.K.O Abiola thereby bringing into effect the aspiration and wishes of Nigerians who had voted for M.K.O Enmass in the June 12 election. Abdulsalam did not do this. He rather allowed some unknown persons to kill M.K.O Abiola in Government custody under the watchful eye of Kofi Anna, the then secretary General of the United Nation Organization (U.N.O). Nigerians are still asking: why was M.K.O killed? Till now, nobody has come out openly to tell Nigerians how and why Abiola was murdered in Government custody. But one thing Nigerians know for sure is that, the blood of M.K.O Abiola and all those who lost their lives in the heat of the June 12 crisis shall continue to hunt the perpetrators. (To be continued).

THOUGHT FOR THE WEEK

“There is beauty and power in unity. We must be united in heart and mind. One world, one people”. (Lailah Gifty Akita).

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Opinion

The State of Leadership Today: A Look at Global, African and Nigerian Realities

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By Tolulope A. Adegoke PhD

“Leadership for our age is measured not by the height of the throne, but by the depth of its roots in integrity, the breadth of its embrace of collective talent, and the courage to cultivate systems that bear fruit for generations yet unseen” – Tolulope A. Adegoke, PhD.

Leadership today is at a crossroad. Around the world, in our communities, and within our organizations, old ways of leading are straining under new pressures. This isn’t just a theoretical discussion; it’s about the quality of our daily lives, the success of our businesses, and the future of our nations. Let’s walk through the current trends, understand their very real impacts, and then explore practical, hands-on solutions that can unlock a better future for everyone.

Part 1: The Leadership Landscape – Where We Stand

The Global Picture: Beyond the Solo Leader

The image of the all-powerful, decisive leader at the top of a pyramid is fading. Today, effective leadership looks different. It’s more about empathy and service than authority. People expect their leaders—in companies and governments—to be authentic, to listen, and to foster teams where everyone feels safe to contribute. Furthermore, leadership is now tightly linked to purpose and responsibility. It’s no longer just about profits or power; stakeholders demand action on climate, fair treatment of workers, and ethical governance. Leaders must also be tech-savvy guides, helping their people navigate constant digital change while dealing with unpredictable global events that disrupt even the best-laid plans.

Africa’s Dynamic Challenge: Youth and Promise

Africa’s story is one of incredible potential meeting stubborn challenges. The continent is young, energetic, and full of innovative spirit. Yet, this tremendous asset often feels untapped. Too frequently, a gap exists between this rising generation and established leadership structures, leading to frustration. While the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) presents a historic chance for economic unity, it requires leaders who think beyond their own borders. At the same time, democratic progress sometimes stalls, with leaders clinging to power. The most pragmatic leaders are those who engage with the vibrant informal economy—the hustlers, market traders, and artisans—who form the backbone of daily life and hold the key to inclusive growth.

Nigeria’s Pressing Reality: Crisis and Resilience

In Nigeria, the leadership experience often feels like moving from one emergency to the next. Attention is consumed by immediate crises—security threats, economic swings, infrastructure breakdowns—making long-term planning difficult. This has triggered a profound loss of confidence, visibly seen in the “Japa” phenomenon, where skilled professionals leave seeking stability and opportunity abroad. This brain drain is a direct critique of the system. Politics remains deeply influenced by ethnic and regional loyalties, which can overshadow competence and national vision. Yet, in the face of these trials, a remarkable spirit of entrepreneurial resilience shines through. Nigeria’s business people and tech innovators are daily solving problems and creating value, often compensating for wider systemic failures.

Part 2: The Real-World Impact – How This Affects Us All

These trends are not abstract; they touch lives, businesses, and countries in tangible ways.

·         On Everyday People: When leadership is perceived as self-serving or ineffective, trust evaporates. People feel anxious about the future and disconnected from their leaders. This can manifest as cynicism, social unrest, or the difficult decision to emigrate. The struggle to find good jobs, feel secure, and build a future becomes harder, deepening inequalities.

·         On Companies and Organizations: Businesses operate in a tough space. They face a war for talent, competing to retain skilled employees who have global options. They must also navigate unpredictable policies, provide their own power and security, and balance profitability with rising demands for social responsibility. The burden of operating in a challenging environment increases costs and risk.

·         On Nations: Countries plagued by poor governance face a competitiveness crisis. They struggle to attract the kind of long-term investment that builds economies. Policy becomes unstable, changing with political winds, which scares off investors and stalls development. Ultimately, this can destabilize not just one nation but entire regions, as problems like insecurity and migration spill across borders.

Part 3: A Practical Pathway Forward – Building Leadership That Delivers

The situation is complex, but it is not hopeless. Turning things around requires deliberate, concrete actions focused on systems, not just individuals.

1. Fortify Institutions with Transparency and Merit.

We must build systems so strong that they work regardless of who is in charge.

·         Action: Legally protect key institutions—the electoral body, the civil service, the courts—from political interference. Appointments must be based on proven competence and integrity, not connections.

·         Action: Implement technology-driven transparency. Let citizens track government budgets and projects in real time through public online portals. Sunshine is the best disinfectant.

2. Bridge the Gap Between Leaders and the Led.

Leadership must become a conversation, not a monologue.

·         Action: Create mandatory Youth Advisory Councils at all levels of government and in large corporations. Give young people a formal platform to contribute ideas and hold leaders accountable on issues like education, digital innovation, and job creation.

·         Action: Leaders must adopt regular, unscripted “town hall” meetings and use simple digital platforms to explain decisions and gather feedback directly from citizens and employees.

3. Channel Entrepreneurship into National Solutions.

Harness the proven problem-solving power of the private sector.

·         Action: Establish Public-Private Impact Partnerships. For example, the government can partner with tech companies to roll out digital identity systems or with agribusinesses to build modern farm-to-market logistics. Clear rules and shared goals are key.

·         Action: Launch National Challenge Funds that invite entrepreneurs and researchers to compete to solve specific national problems, like local clean energy solutions or affordable healthcare diagnostics, with funding and market access as the prize.

4. Redeploy Nigeria’s Greatest Export: Its Diaspora.

Turn the brain drain into a brain gain.

·         Action: Create a Diaspora Knowledge & Investment Bureau. This agency would actively connect Nigerians abroad with opportunities to mentor, invest in startups, or take up short-term expert roles in Nigerian institutions, transferring vital skills and capital.

·         Action: Offer tangible incentives, like tax breaks or matching funds, for diaspora-led investments in critical sectors like healthcare, renewable energy, and vocational training.

5. Cultivate a New Mindset in Every Citizen.

Ultimately, the culture of leadership starts with us.

·         Action: Integrate ethics, civic responsibility, and critical thinking into the core curriculum of every school. Leadership development begins in the classroom.

·         Action: Celebrate and reward “Local Champions”—the honest councilor, the community organizer, the business owner who trains apprentices. We must honor integrity and service in our everyday circles to reshape our collective expectations.

Conclusion: The Work of Building Together

The challenge before us is not to find a single heroic leader. It is to participate in building a better system of leadership. This means championing institutions that work, demanding transparency in our spaces, mentoring someone younger, and holding ourselves to high ethical standards in our own roles.

For Nigeria and Africa, the possibility of a brighter future is not a dream; it is a choice. It is the choice to move from complaining about leaders to building leadership. It is the choice to value competence over connection, to seek common ground over division, and to invest in the long-term health of our community. This work is hard and requires patience, but by taking these practical steps—starting today and in our own spheres—we lay the foundation for a tomorrow defined by promise, stability, and shared success. The power to deliver that possibility lies not in one person’s hands, but in our collective will to act.

Dr. Tolulope A. Adegoke, AMBP-UN is a globally recognized scholar-practitioner and thought leader at the nexus of security, governance, and strategic leadership. His mission is dedicated to advancing ethical governance, strategic human capital development, and resilient nation-building, and global peace. He can be reached via: tolulopeadegoke01@gmail.comglobalstageimpacts@gmail.com

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Opinion

Globacom Redefines Standard for Telecoms in 2026

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By Michael Abimboye

As always, Globacom is at the heart of telecoms transformation in Nigeria. The acquisition of additional spectrum, is a decisive move that has expanded network capacity and fundamentally improved customer experience.

With the ability to carry significantly higher data volumes at greater speeds, users are seeing faster downloads, stronger uploads, seamless video streaming, and clearer voice calls even at peak periods. Crucially, this expansion has driven down latency. Independent performance testing has ranked Glo as the network with the lowest latency in Nigeria, meaning faster response times whenever data commands are initiated.

This spectrum advantage is being matched on the ground by the rollout of thousands of new LTE sites nationwide. Network capacity has increased pan-Nigeria, with noticeably higher download speeds across regions. At the same time, the installation of thousands of additional towers is easing congestion and closing coverage gaps, particularly in high-density locations such as markets and tertiary institutions, where demand for fast, reliable internet is highest.

Power reliability, often the silent determinant of network quality, is also being reengineered. Globacom has deployed hybrid battery power systems across numerous sites, reducing dependence on diesel while improving sustainability. Beyond cost efficiency, this greener model delivers stronger uptime ensuring uninterrupted power supply and optimal performance for base stations and switching centres.

Behind the scenes, Glo has upgraded its switching systems and data centres to accommodate rising traffic volumes nationwide. These upgrades are designed not only for today’s demand but to ensure the network consistently meets performance KPIs well into the future, even as data consumption continues to grow.

Equally significant is the massive reconstruction and expansion of Globacom’s optic fibre cable (OFC) network. Along highways and metro routes affected by road construction, fibre routes are being reconstructed and relocated to safeguard service continuity. Thousands of kilometres of new fibre have also been rolled out nationwide, fortifying the OFC backbone, improving redundancy, reducing network glitches, and enabling the network to handle increasingly heavy data loads with resilience.

These investments collectively address long-standing coverage gaps while driving densification and capacity enhancement in already active areas, ensuring a more balanced and reliable national footprint.

At the core layer, Globacom is modernising its network elements through new platforms and applications, upgraded enterprise and interconnect billing systems, and an expanding roster of roaming partners for both in-roaming and out-roaming services strengthening its integration into the global telecoms ecosystem.

Taken together, these are not incremental upgrades. They represent a deliberate, system-wide repositioning.

In 2026, Globacom is not just improving its network; it is asserting itself as the technical leader in Nigeria’s telecommunications industry and has gone on a spending spree to satisfy the millions of subscribers enjoying seamless connectivity across Nigeria.

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Opinion

How GLO Sustains Everyday Businesses in Kano, Nigeria’s Centre of Commerce

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By Dr Sani Sa’idu Baba

For more than two weeks, Kano woke up under a veil of fog. Not the poetic kind, but the stubborn Harmattan fog that dulls vision, slows movement, and disrupts daily rhythm. Dawn arrived quietly. Shops opened late. Calls failed repeatedly. Internet bars blinked on and off like uncertain promises. Across the state, one reality became impossible to ignore: communication had become a struggle. This reality carried even greater weight in the capital of Kano, the centre of commerce in Nigeria.

As Ramadan approaches and gradually leads to the celebration of Eid-el-Fitr, everyone understands what this season represents. It is a period when online businesses, both big and small, become a major source of livelihood for millions. Traders prepare for peak demand, online vendors scale up advertising, and buyers from across the country look to Kano for goods. Visitors stream in from other states, transactions multiply, and the success of this entire commercial ecosystem depends heavily on one thing: seamless network connectivity between buyers and sellers.
In Kano, where business breathes through phone calls, alerts, and instant messages, poor network is not just inconvenient, it is costly. Calling became difficult. Browsing the internet felt like a battle. For many, it meant frustration. For others, it meant loss.

As these challenges persisted day after day, conversations across the city began to take a clear and consistent direction. In homes, offices, and markets, a new conversation began to dominate discussions. A brother of mine, deeply involved in the communication business at Farm Center Market, the largest hub for telecom activity in Kano shared his amazement. Day after day, customers walked up to data vendors with one clear, confident request: “Glo data.” Not alternatives. Not experiments. Just Glo, he said. At first, it seemed puzzling. If you were already on Glo, you might not even notice the difference. But for those struggling on other networks, the contrast was undeniable. In the middle of foggy mornings and unstable signals, Glo stood firm.

And soon, the conversation spread everywhere. At tea junctions in the early hours, as people warmed their hands around cups of shayi, discussions circled around how Glo “held up” when others disappeared. In university classrooms, students whispered comparisons before lectures began, who could download materials, who could submit assignments, and which network actually worked. More strikingly, Glo users quietly turned their phones into lifelines, sharing hotspots with classmates so others could access lecture notes, submit assignments, and stay connected. At sports viewing centres, between goals and missed chances, fans debated networks with the same passion as football rivalries. In markets, traders told customers how Glo saved their day. In every gathering of people across Kano, Glo became the reference point. The reason was simple: Glo had saved businesses.

Consider the POS operator by the roadside. Every successful transaction that attracts him/her ₦100 here, ₦200 there is survival. Failed transfers mean angry customers and lost income. During these fog-heavy days, many operators would have been stranded. But where Glo bars stayed strong, withdrawals went through, alerts dropped, and trust preserved.

Picture a roadside trader making her first sale of the day through a simple WhatsApp call, her voice steady as she confirms an order that will set the tone for her business. Nearby, an online vendor advertises products in WhatsApp groups, responds to messages, takes calls from interested buyers, and confirms deliveries, all in real time. Behind every one of these small but significant transactions is reliable connectivity. Delivery riders weaving through traffic and racing against time also depend on uninterrupted network access to reach customers, confirm payments, and complete orders. In moments when other networks struggled, Glo quietly kept these wheels of commerce turning, ensuring that daily hustle did not grind to a halt. Beyond the busy streets of the city, the impact of this reliability becomes even more profound in remote villages in Kano.

Back in Kano city, rising transportation costs have reshaped the way people work. Many professionals have had no choice but to adapt, turning their homes into offices and relying heavily on the internet to stay productive. Many now attend virtual meetings, send large files, collaborate remotely, and meet deadlines without leaving their homes. In a period marked by economic pressure and uncertainty, dependable internet is no longer a convenience, it is a necessity. In these conditions, Glo continues to provide the stability that keeps work moving forward.

At this point, Glo stops being seen merely as a telecommunications company. It emerges as the invisible backbone of the Nigerian hustle, supporting the determination and resilience of everyday people. From POS operators and online merchants to students, delivery services, market traders, and remote workers who refuse to give up, Glo remains present in the background, quietly powering their efforts. In tough terrains, harsh weather, and challenging times, when other networks fluctuate or fade, Glo stays connected.

You may not always hear it announce itself loudly, and you may not notice it when everything is working smoothly. But when a single call saves a business, when one alert prevents a financial loss, and when one stable connection keeps a dream alive, Glo proves its value, not as noise or empty promises, but as consistent reliability and lived experience. And that is how quietly, consistently, and powerfully Glo continues to power Nigeria’s everyday businesses, sustaining dreams and survival UNLIMITEDLY…

Dr. Baba writes from Kano, and can reached via drssbaba@yahoo.com

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