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Opinion

The Oracle: Nigeria Nation, The Past, Present and Future (Pt. 1)

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By Mike Ozekhome

THE PAST FROM LORD LUGARD TO BALEWA

Nigeria as a nation became one in a visible entity in the year 1914 when Lord Fredrick Lugard amalgamated the Southern and Northern protectorates and Lagos colony. Ever since then, what is now known today as Nigeria steadily evolved. Nigeria was colonized by the British. Nigerians fought relentlessly before she finally gained her independence on October 1, 1960. Nigeria as an independent nation later became Republican in 1963 with a non executive president. On January 15, 1966, there was a military coup de’ tat which overthrew the regime of Alhaji Sir Abubakar Tafawa Belewa. The coup was led by the revolutionary Major Kaduna Nzeogwu Chukwumah.

THE FIRST COUP DE TAT, IRONSI AND GOWON

The military coup ushered in major General J.T.U Aguiyi-Ironsi which promulgated the very unpopular unification Decree. On July 29, 1966, the regime of Aguiyi-ironsi was overthrown by elements of the Nigerian Military led by colonel General Yakubu Gowon who subsequently became the Head of State.

THE BLOODY CIVIL WAR

The Skirmishes associated with the coup and the question of who should be the Head of State coupled with deep-seated animosity and the program on the Ibos resident in the North eventually led to secession with the proclamation of the Republic of Biafra Colonel Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu. This latter escalated into a full blown war on July 6, 1967 and lasted till January 10, 1970. During the civil war, Nigerians loss in human and capital resources was monumental and unquantifiable. Human resources running into millions of people were lost. The Nigerian government spends millions of naira to mark every January 15 which is set aside as “Remembrance Day”. It is pathetic but permit me to say that the widows and the loved ones of the soldiers that died in the war are without food and many without shelter. Many soldiers who survived the war are today not being remembered. They spend weeks on queue trying to collect their meagre pension where some of them have died as a result of the untold hardship which these old men are subjected to.

FROM GOWON TO MURITALA MOHAMMED

Gowon’s Administration which was famed for profligacy and broken promises was toppled by the Murtala Mohammed junta on July 29, 1975. The Murtala Administration was hailed as the best Military Administration as the general was determined to restore Nigeria back to its past glory. Most regrettably however, enemies of progress, who never wanted Murtala’s laudible and lofty ideas to come into fruition led by colonel Buka Suka Dinka waylaid and assassinated him in a botched coup on his way from the Mosque to his office on February 13, 1976. Consequent upon his assassination, General Olusegun Obasanjo being the second in command to the late Murtala Mohammed took over the mantle of leadership.

FROM OBASANJO TO SHAGARI

Under Obasanjo’s leadership as Head of State, Nigeria witnessed series of policies such as “Operation Feed the Nation”, Universal Free Primary Education, etc. None of these policies, improved or ameliorated the economic situation of the Nigerian people. The regime after three years finally organized and conducted a presidential election for Nigeria. In the election, five political parties participated. They were the Unity Party of Nigeria (UPN), National Party of Nigeria (NPN), Nigerian People’s Party (NPP), Peoples Redemption Party (PRP) and the Great Nigeria People’s Party (GNPP). The election result showed that the candidate of Nigeria People’s Party, Alhaji Shehu Shagari won the election by winning twelve and half states out of nineteen states. The result of the election was seriously contested by the runner-up, Chief Obafemi Awolowo wherein the Supreme Court after listening to the opinion of the revered mathematician, Prof. Chike Obi declared Alhaji Shehu Shagari as the winner. Even though the Supreme Court had since declared that the judgment should not be followed as a precedent, opinions still linger that the judgment was nothing short of a political judgment.

THE BUHARI ERA

The Nigerian people had not reaped the dividends of democracy when the military once again struck on December 31, 1983 under the leadership of major General Mohammed Buhari. Immediately after Buhari took over, he sent some of the second Republic Politicians into the gulag. People like Chief Olabisi Onabanjo of Ogun State and Prof. Ambrose Alli of the Old Bendel State died as a result of their long incarceration in prison.

Under the Buhari Administration, discipline was forcibly infused into the Nigerian polity Consequent upon the mantra called War Against Indiscipline (WAI). But suffice to say that Nigerians economic hardship continued as discipline alone could not put food on the table of Nigerians.

GEN. IBRAHIM BABANGIDA

Buhari’s regime was finally toppled by his former school mate, Major General Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida (IBB) in August, 1985. He called himself “military president” instead of “Head of State”. Babangida promised to hand over to a dully democratically elected president on October 1, 1999. Babangida later reneged on his promise to hand over to a civilian government in 1990 Nigerians suffered unprecedented deceptive tendencies. His double speak was o unparalleled that Nigerians nicknamed him “Maradona”. Abiola and June 12 After several failed promises to hand over to a civilian government, he finally organized and conducted an election in June 12, 1993 wherein Chief M.K.O Abiola contested under the umbrella of Social Democratic Party (SDP) The National Republican Convention (NRC) fielded Alhaji Bashir Tofa as its presidential candidate in the June 12, 1993 election. The election was adjudged the freest and fair election ever conducted in Nigeria. Chief M.K.O Abiola indisputably won the election with a landside margin. But to the chagrin of Nigerians and the international community, Babangida annulled this freest and fairest election in Nigeria. The annulment triggered off reactions from within and outside Nigeria. There were protest and demonstrations across the length and breath of Nigeria, including the North which resulted in the laws of many lives and wanton destruction of property. Chief M.K.O Abiola, the acclaimed winner of the election fled abroad for security reasons.

FROM SHONEKAN TO ABACHA

The agitation for the validation of the June 12 election persisted. The pressure on the Babangida administration became so unbearable, that he “stepped” aside on August, 27, 1993 thereby handing over to Ernest Shonekan as the Head of an Interim National Government. Despite the declaration of a court of law (Coram: Dolapo Akinsanya) that the interim National Government was illegal, Shonekan remained on his seat until November 17, 1993, when he was shoved aside by the dark goggled General, Sanni Abacha in what can be termed a palace coup. The day Abacha took over was the day Nigeria entered the darkest days of military brutality. Abacha’s regime unleashed a reign of terror on Nigerians he suspected at any slightest opportunity to be antagonizing his regime. Consequent upon this unprecedented doctorial tendencies, various pressure groups sprang up. The most vibrant and confrontational were the National Democratic Coalition (NADECO) and the Joint Action Committee of Nigeria (JACON). Some of the Chieftains of NADECO like Prof. Wole Soyinka, Sen. Bola Armed Tinubu among others were sent on exile. Jacon paraded the likes of Chief Gani Fawehinmi, Chief Mike Ozekhome, Mr. Femi Falana, Dr. Tunji Abayomi, Dr. Fredrick Fashehun and so on.

Chief M.K.O Abiola’s Declaration

In June 1994, Chief M.K.O Abiola, the acclaimed winner of June 12 election declared himself the president. Consequent upon this Chief M.K.O Abiola was charged with treason, an act which engineered reaction from within and outside the country.

Some NADECO Chieftains who remained in Nigeria were terrorized and brutalized by Abacha’s “Killer Squad” Abacha planned to succeed himself in office despite contrary agitation by Nigerians. Abacha was desperate. He went ahead with the plan until June 8, 1998 when the cold arm of death snatched him away. Update, the details of Abiola and Abacha’s death are still sketchy.

GENERAL ADBUDULSALAMI ABUBARKAR

The sudden death of Abacha ushered in the regime of General Abdusalam Abubarkar, who many thought would hand over to M.K.O Abiola thereby bringing into effect the aspiration and wishes of Nigerians who had voted for M.K.O Enmass in the June 12 election. Abdulsalam did not do this. He rather allowed some unknown persons to kill M.K.O Abiola in Government custody under the watchful eye of Kofi Anna, the then secretary General of the United Nation Organization (U.N.O). Nigerians are still asking: why was M.K.O killed? Till now, nobody has come out openly to tell Nigerians how and why Abiola was murdered in Government custody. But one thing Nigerians know for sure is that, the blood of M.K.O Abiola and all those who lost their lives in the heat of the June 12 crisis shall continue to hunt the perpetrators. (To be continued).

THOUGHT FOR THE WEEK

“There is beauty and power in unity. We must be united in heart and mind. One world, one people”. (Lailah Gifty Akita).

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Opinion

In Defence of the 18-Storey Ibom Towers and Gov. Umo Eno’s Audacious Housing Plan

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By Michael Effiong

In the last few days, I have been inundated by a barrage of questions “Why is your Governor investing in Lagos? What is the rationale behind a project like this in Lagos State instead of Akwa Ibom where it will create jobs and empower the local contractors? Why now when people are hungry? It has been questions galore all referring to the decision of the Akwa Ibom State Governor, Pastor Umo Eno to develop a real estate facility in Lagos dubbed “Ibom Towers”

As a trained journalist of over 30 years, I know that today’s media space is filled with misinformation, disinformation and outright lies which are then elevated to trending public discourse by various people for motives that are often not altruistic.
Even a group of Akwa Ibom indigenes decided to host an X (Twitter) Space on the issue. I was on that platform for over two and half hours but it was obvious that none of the speakers had taken time to conduct any research on the said project.
That was when I became very alarmed because the basic foundation for contributing to any intellectual discourse is research, I could not believe that the speakers could not just investigate the matter properly, have a full grasp of the issues before coming to the public forum to not only express their anger against the project but were even contemplating street protest!. They more or less confirmed what I used to consider a myth, that we hardly read as black people.

 

Anyway, I did not take the hullabaloo seriously until a very well respected senior colleague of mine called in the dead of the night. I was in a state of panic when I picked the call, thinking something major has happened to him or his close ones until he brought up the issue of the Ibom Towers.
I could not believe my ears, I begged for a few seconds to change my position and then went on to lay out the facts of this matter.
I explained that the project was not a bolt from the blue. In fact ,on May 29, 2024 when the Governor delivered his first anniversary speech, he gave a hint about the project.

According to the Governor while laying out his plans for the next 365 days “Government will be active in the commercial property market in both Lagos and Abuja respectively by converting our existing strategic facilities in those cities into commercial use for the benefit of our people. These planned investments in infrastructure will bring huge returns to our State and signpost our determination to play big in the thriving real estate business in those two major cities”

His next words where “You mean he had mentioned his plans in his speech?
I replied “Yes sir, I am quoting the speech verbatim? He then said ‘Even at that, why would your governor leave your state and go all the way to Lagos to buy land and build an 18-storey Towers?

I replied, “ Sir, I hope you are not sleepy because it is a long a story? He responded “You know how I dey carry Akwa Ibom matter for head, give me the full story, I am all ears”.

I then began my defence “ In the first place, the Governor has not come to Lagos to buy any land. The truth is that the 18- storey development dubbed “Ibom Towers” is a child of necessity and an intentional investment. We have a landed property in a very prime location, Victoria Island to be exact. That property used to be our Governor’s Lodge, it is now referred to as the Old Governor’s Lodge. It is a dilapidated structure that has not yielded any single kobo to the state.

“I am not a real estate expert, but as a layman, I would say that the Governor had four options. First, leave the property in its current state and just keep it in the books as a thing of pride, second, outright sale of the property, third, put the property up for lease and fourth, develop the property.

‘The Governor decided to be audacious, instead of doing the ordinary, he chose the tougher but more rewarding fourth option with the decision to add value to that landed property and develop it into a picturesque facility called “Ibom Towers”, this option would ensure that the state still retains the property as well as guarantee return on investment and the funds would be ploughed into critical infrastructure back home in Akwa Ibom in furtherance of his ARISE Agenda.

“Now this Ibom Tower is a development that will feature 30 meticulously designed apartments: Spacious one bedroom units, elegant two-bedroom units and lavish three bedroom units. That is not all, there will be an opulent 4-bedroom duplex penthouse that would have breathtaking views of the Lagos skyline.”

“The contractors handling this development have been given a very strict timeline because the Governor wants to make returns on this investment in good time. I have asked those opposing this development their best option for the use of that prime property. They all usually side step the issue and come up with extraneous matters. But I would not ask you the same sir.

I then continued “Interestingly, the Ibom Towers is part of the Governor’s overall Housing plan that covers all segments of the property market: Low, middle and high income earners.

“For example, a few weeks ago in Uyo, the Governor laid the foundation of the Ewet Luxury Gardens Estate. It is a high-end, commercial residential estate development. It will consist 32 units of 5-bedroom ensuite fully detached duplexes, 3 living rooms, 3 maid quarters, study/living room, fully fitted kitchen, laundry room and green area. It will be a gated estate with such shared facilities as tennis court, gym, swimming pool facilities etc.

“It was at that Ewet Luxury Estate ground breaking that the Governor spoke about the Ibom Towers. That Estate like the one in Lagos is aimed at making money for the state. The same template has been adopted for the Dakkada Luxury Estate that was begun by the last administration. So while he is thinking about making use of the property in Lagos, he is also doing the same at home.

“I must add sir that the Governor has not been oblivious to the need for affordable housing and even shelter for the poorest of the poor.

“The administration in its first year completed the 236-Units Grace Estate and the Governor has approved that 264 more units be constructed. He has also approved that 160 units in the Estate should be exclusively allocated to civil servants from Grade levels 1-8. The allocation will be via a draw which can be entered only once with N50,000. The houses will be given out free of charge.

“Then of course, the Governor has been making waves with his ARISE Compassionate Homes Initiative. This is a unique programme where rural dwellers with very terrible abode are given brand new 2-bedroom fully furnished homes complete with external kitchen, 24-hour solar power and water system free of charge. 200 units of the homes are currently being built. Some have already been completed and handed over to very elated beneficiaries. His target is to deliver 400 Units before the end of his first term
My colleague shouted “Really. That is so impressive ?” Knowing full well that I have caught his attention, I quickly added “ The Governor has done a lot in rural development, healthcare, entrepreneurship…

He cut me off immediately “That is okay, that is okay do not bother, so what is all the fuss about?

My response was “Sir, we would keep educating them to make them see reason but as you know one cannot always please the world”. I then reminded him of Evangelist Ebenezer Obey’s famous song “The Horse, The Man and His Son popularly known as Ketekete

“You are so right, you cannot please everyone all the time. Everything is clear to me now. I think he should ignore them and continue his good work. Sorry that I disturbed your sleep,? were his next words.
I responded thus: “I am always at your service sir, we will keep discussing the issues. One thing I know is that our Governor is a private sector- driven technocrat, he would be the last person to take an investment that will benefit his people to any other state. Thank you for calling me to clarify issues, thank you for your patience and love always sir” And I hung up!

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Opinion

Hailing the Supreme Court on LG Allocation Judgment

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Prof Mike Ozekhome SAN, CON, OFR

The supreme court judgement today, July 11, 2024, directing the Federal Government to pay allocations due to Local Government Areas directly to their account thereby abolishing the old practices of State-Local Government Joint Account, is timely and courageous.

What the judgement has done is more like interpreting section 162 of the Constitution, which provides for a joint State-Local Government Account. In which case, money is normally paid to state governors’ accounts and then for them to disburse to the local governments for them to share. But what has been happening is that, as I noted in 2020,over three years ago, the state governors, have been behaving like ”bandits”, waylaing local governments funds along the way and thus impoverishing them leaving them with nothing to work, just a little for salary. And nothing to actually work for the people whom they represent.
I agree totally with the judgement of the supreme court to grant full financial autonomy so that money is released and paid directly to the 774 local government councils which constitute the third-tier of government,to develop their places because the LGAs are grassrooted and nearest to the people. Rather than allow overbearing state governors throw their weight around and muzzle the local governments and seize their purse,they will now allow LGs breath some air of freedom.

If you take a look at our situation, Nigeria is operating a very lopsided federation,more like a unitary system of government. Where the federal government is supposed to be a small government,it is controlling 67 items on the exclusive legislative list. That is why the federal government gets the lion share of the federation account , the lion share of the money that comes to the federation account to the tune of 52.68%. The states get 26.72% while the entire 774 local government councils in Nigeria get just 20.60% of the monthly allocation by the Revenue Mobilization Allocation and Fiscal Commission, RLASMC.

The question is, what is the federal government doing with almost 53% of the national income? That is because it is a government that is behemoth.That is elephantine. A government that intrudes and intervenes in areas that should not concern it at all. What is the federal government’s business with licensing cars and trucks for states? What is its business with the Marriage Act, dealing with how people marry and wed in Nigeria and how they live together as husband and wife and separate or divorce? What is the federal government’s business with unity schools? A whole FG operating secondary schools? What is their business? Why is the FG not allowing states generate their own power, operate their own railway stations, if they have the capacity? Why should the federal government not allow states have their own police force? Even for the local governments to have their own police force as we have in the United States and other advanced countries of the world where even tertiary institutions have their own police?

The truth is that the federal government is overbloated and overpampered. That is why it is using too much money and make the centre become too attractive,eating deep into funds that ought to be meant for the states and local government areas. The states take not only that which belongs to the states, but also waylays at source that which is meant for the local government areas. No Nation grows that way.

So, I see this judgment as epochal,having far-reaching effect because money will now be made available directly to the local government areas who will no longer be subservient, like fawning slaves to state governors. In fact, the judgement even went further to say that no state government has the power henceforth to dissolve local government areas. This is because we have been seeing cases where inspite of the provisions of section 7 of the 1999 constitution that give autonomy to local government areas, states normally go ahead and dissolve local government areas ND appoint caretaker committees for them.This is whimsical and capricious.The Supreme Court has said this can no longer go on and that henceforth, no state government should ever be able to dissolve any local government area in Nigeria for any reason whatsoever and howsoever.

The judgement is salutary, timely and regenerative. It should be upheld by all governments and people in Nigeria for better democratic dividends.I see this as victory for our wobbling democracy, even if we are far removed from true fiscal federalism where the federating units control and utilize their God-given resources while paying royalty or tax to the central government. This case is one big plus for tested court room gladiator, Prince Lateef Fagbemi, SAN, the Attorney General of the Federation, who initiated the case at the apex court, invoking its original jurisdiction.Surely,to jaw-jaw is better than to war-war. God bless Nigeria.

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Opinion

Telling the Nigerian and African Food Story to a Global Audience

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By Lydia Enyidiya Eke

Nigeria as the most populous black nation on earth is located in the heart of Africa and as a great country with unique culinary traditions, this great nation is known for her diverse and vibrant culture and people.

Nigeria, as one of the 54 countries in Africa is well known for her rich history and myriad ethnic groups, and equally known for her culinary strength.

These divers’ culinary strength offers a gastronomic tapestry that remains largely untapped by the global audience.

Since globalization fosters a growing interest in diverse food cultures, it is high time the world embraced the flavours of Nigeria.

A Culinary Mosaic

Nigerian cuisine is a reflection of its vast cultural diversity. Each ethnic group brings its unique ingredients, cooking techniques, culinary textures and flavour profiles to the table, creating a culinary mosaic that is both rich and complex.

From the spicy and oily soups, stews and sauces of the Yoruba in the southwest to the savoury soups of the Igbo in the southeast, and the aromatic dishes of the Hausa-Fulani in the north, and of course the seafood and vegetable delight of the south south as well as the lovely relishes of the middle belt, Nigerian food is a journey through the country’s cultural landscape.

Staples like jollof rice, with its tantalizing blend of tomatoes, peppers, and spices, have already started making waves internationally.

The same applies to the well-known dishes and a plethora of lesser-known culinary treasures waiting to be discovered.

These covers the 36 states of the federation. The popularly known egusi soup, also known as unity soup is a hearty melon seed soup that is eaten across the nation and continent.

What about the pepper soup and their spices, the same applies to the herbs, condiments and flavourings of bitter leaf soup, oha soup, groundnut soup, beans soup and many more.

Suya is another spicy grilled meat skewers, which equally offer a glimpse into the depth of Nigerian culinary artistry.

The Need for Global Recognition
Despite its richness, Nigerian cuisine remains underrepresented and basically under reported on the global stage.

This lack of recognition can be attributed to several factors, including limited exposure and the dominance of other culinary traditions in international media. However, the tide is changing. With the rise of social media and the global trend towards exploring new and authentic food experiences, Nigerian cuisine is poised for a renaissance.

Championing Nigerian Food through Digital Platforms

One of the most effective ways to bring the knowledge of Nigerian cuisine to the global audience is through digital platforms. These platforms are now diverse. They range from YouTube, to Instagram, Facebook, twitter, LinkedIn, TikTok, and Snapchat amongst others . Also included are food blogs, food websites and vlogs.

YouTube, in particular, has emerged as a powerful tool for sharing culinary traditions with a wide audience. Channels dedicated to Nigerian cooking, like the one I run, are playing a crucial role in this movement. By offering step-by-step DIY tutorials, we are not only teaching people how to cook Nigerian food but also sharing the stories and cultural significance behind each dish.

These digital platforms offer an interactive and engaging way to learn about Nigerian cuisine. Viewers from around the world can watch, comment, and even share their attempts at cooking these dishes, fostering a global community of Nigerian food enthusiasts.

Preserving Cultural Heritage
For many Nigerians living abroad, cooking traditional dishes is a way to stay connected to their roots. It is an act of preserving cultural heritage and passing it down to the next generation. By teaching the younger generation how to cook Nigerian food, we are ensuring that these culinary traditions are not lost in the face of globalization.
Moreover, sharing these recipes and stories with a global audience promotes cultural understanding and appreciation. Food, after all, is a universal language that brings people together. By inviting others to experience Nigerian cuisine, we are fostering a sense of unity and cultural exchange.

The Future of Nigerian Cuisine
The future of Nigerian cuisine on the global stage looks promising. With increasing interest in authentic and diverse food experiences, Nigerian food has the potential to become a beloved part of the world’s culinary repertoire. However, this will require continued effort in promoting and sharing these rich culinary traditions.
Initiatives such as food festivals, cultural exchange programs, and collaborations with international chefs can further boost the visibility of Nigerian cuisine. Additionally, support from the Nigerian government and private sector in promoting food tourism can open new avenues for showcasing the country’s culinary wealth.

As we look towards a future where cultures and cuisines are celebrated for their uniqueness and richness, Nigerian food stands as a testament to the country’s vibrant heritage. By telling the story of Nigerian cuisine to a global audience, we are not only sharing delicious food but also promoting cultural understanding and appreciation. Let us embrace the flavors of Nigeria and celebrate its place in the global culinary landscape.

For further about some Nigerian recipes and cooking tutorials, visit GOURMET GUIDE234 on YouTube, and the food blog GOURMETGUIDE234.COM where you can embark on a culinary journey through Nigeria’s diverse and colourful food traditions.

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