Opinion

The Oracle: Managing Complex Litigation: A Personal Experience (Pt. 1)

Published

3 years ago

May 27, 2022

Eric

By Mike Ozekhome

INTRODUCTION

AN ANALYSIS OF COMPLEX LITIGATION

Every company faces litigation at some point in time. This is an occupational hazard that cannot be avoided. In many cases, these litigations are in relation to fairly standard lawsuits regarding real estate, debt recovery or contractual disputes. Almost any experienced corporate lawyer is capable of resolving such matters with the best possible outcome. However, this is not the case with complex litigation.

LITIGATION: ITS MEANING

Litigation is the process of resolving disputes by filing or answering a complaint through the public court system. It requires the taking of argument between people or groups (including companies), in a court of law. It is also the process by which Counsel to parties in lawsuits intend to integrate their actions with anticipated events, reactions, arguments and defence to achieve the overarching goal of winning the litigation. It is true that any lawsuit may be complicated, but complex litigations is the most complicated litigation that companies face.

The US Federal Judicial Centre’s Manual for Complex Litigation defines complex litigation as including “one or more related cases which present unusual problems and…require extraordinary treatment, including but not limited to the cases designated as ‘protracted’ and ‘big’”. Complex litigation refers to a specific type of large civil case that companies face. It typically involves large civil cases involving multiple parties, multiple jurisdictions, large amounts of money, lengthy trials, complex legal issues, and multi-jurisdictional and complex choice of law issues. Expectedly, these types of lawsuits draw serious media scrutiny, and they usually accrue to substantial costs on a company, irrespective of whether or not they win such cases.

These complex litigations encompass several kinds of lawsuits, including class action lawsuits, international arbitration, contractual disputes, etc. Even the non-performance of a simple international sale of goods agreement can dovetail into complex legal battles. As a result, these complex litigations usually require sophisticated litigators and expertise.

As evidenced by the Federal Judicial Center’s Manual for Complex Litigation, an increasingly indispensable text for the sophisticated litigator, complex litigation has become its own discipline. Lawyers who hope meaningfully to understand and successfully to practice in sophisticated litigation have to understand not only how this system operates, how it builds upon and modifies basic procedural doctrine; and how it impacts public regulations through private litigation.

THE ROLE OF THE JUDICIARY IN COMPLEX LITIGATION

Judicial supervision is most needed and productive early in complex litigation. To this effect, Judges should conduct pretrial conference as soon as practicable (usually within 30 to 60 days of instituting proceedings). It is therefore imperative for the assigned judge to be notified of a potentially complex case as soon as possible. In certain situations, the demands of complex litigation is so enormous that the assigned judge is relieved of his case docket for a certain time or provided with assistance from other Judges or Judicial staff. Virtually all jurisdictions in Nigeria now have Civil Procedure Rules incorporating pre-trial sessions.

Complex litigation often constitutes of two or more separate but related cases. It is imperative that all such cases should be assigned to a single Judge for administrative ease. Once a complex or perceived complex case is assigned to a Judge, such a Judge should immediately review the pleadings and other processes in the case, the parties and their Counsel, and the interests therein, so as to search for possible conflicts of interest that would warrant his recusal. Where no conflict of interests arises, the Judge should then attempt to ascertain whether there are related cases before his court or other courts. This is for administrative ease and to prevent duplicity of cases.

In the United States of America, the Judges’ role in complex litigation management is crucial. A Judge’s effective judicial management usually has the following characteristics:

Active: The Judge predicts or attempts to anticipate problems before they arise rather than dealing with them as they arise.

Substantive: The Judge is involved, but not limited, to procedural matters. Here, the Judge familiarises himself with the substantive issues of the case in order to deliver informed rulings on such issues.

Timely: The Judge gives prompt rulings and judgments, particularly those which might significantly affect further proceedings.

Continuing: The Judge regularly monitors the progress of litigation to ensure that litigation schedules are being adhered with.

Firm, but Fair: Time limits, controls and requirements are not arbitrarily imposed on parties, without due consideration to the circumstances of the case and views of Counsel.

Carefully prepared: Careful preparation sets out the proper tone to facilitate the Judge’s effectiveness and credibility with Counsel.

THE ROLE OF COUNSEL IN COMPLEX LITIGATION

The duties and responsibilities of Counsel in the management of complex litigation do not lessen in the face of judicial intervention. Contrarily, Counsel assumes more responsibility due to their roles as advocates and officers of the court. Because of the nature of complex litigation, Judges usually rely heavily on the assistance of Counsel, upon which their case management is dependent. Other reasons also require the role of Counsel, such as the importance of interests at stake; length and complexity of proceedings; difficulty of communication and establishing working relationship with numerous lawyers; challenges of appearing in unfamiliar courts with unfamiliar jurisdiction; extensive travel usually required; amount of money and costs accruable etc.

Complex litigation often involves numerous parties with common or similar interests but separate counsel. Traditional procedures in which all papers and documents are served on all lawyers, and each lawyer files motions, presents arguments, and conducts witness examinations, may result in waste of time and money, in confusion and indirection, and in unnecessary burden on the court. Special procedures for coordination of counsel are therefore needed and should be instituted early in the litigation to avoid unnecessary costs and duplicative activity. In many cases, the lawyers coordinate their activities to avoid duplicity of cases, without even the assistance of the court.

Similar to the judicial role, Lawyers should be quick and alert to the existence of present or potential conflicts of interest, particularly in complex litigations where there are multiple parties and interests. An early conflict check must be made before accepting representation. This check should not be narrowed down to persons and companies formally acting as parties in the suits, but should be broadened to include affiliate persons and companies.

COMPLEX COMMERCIAL LITIGATION

The Nigerian legal system generally uses commercial litigation to deal with high-value and complex disputes. In fact, commercial litigation is the most common dispute resolution process in Nigeria for resolving such disputes. Quite a number of complex and high-value disputes are nowadays better resolved through commercial arbitration, as high-value contracts tend to include arbitration clauses which subject disputes to an arbitral tribunal. Commercial arbitration, which is part of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) is fast becoming the preferred method of resolving such disputes in Nigeria.

Commercial litigation disputes tend to be domestic in nature i.e. between Nigerian parties. However, participation of international parties also occurs, but mostly in instances where there is a Nigerian connecting factor such as the place of performance, the location of the subject asset, the law governing or the seat of the arbitration agreement (arbitral cases might be referred to courts to adjudicate on some issues), or the domicile of one of the parties. Purely international disputes with no Nigerian connecting factor are extremely rare in Nigeria.

Commercial litigation is governed by the Constitution, Statutes, Rules of Court, judicial decisions on litigation procedure as found in the procedural rules of the different levels of court, Statutes on litigation procedure and Practice Directions. Nigerian commercial litigation develops from English common law. This means that the law develops through the Judges, who play a non-inquisitorial role in adjudication, while the parties seek the outcome most favourable to their position. Here, the Judges constantly develop the law through the ratio decidendi in their rulings and judgments, which form the reasoning behind their positions.

FACTORS IN COMMERCIAL LITIGATION

Before bringing a claim through commercial litigation, recourse must be had to the following factors:

the limitation period for commencing the action;

the appropriate court with jurisdiction to entertain the claim;

the issuance of pre-action notices where government agencies and departments are involved;

where companies are involved, the correct names of the companies as registered at the Corporate Affairs Commission;

whether any alternative dispute resolution (ADR) mechanisms can be used or whether parties have agreed to submit to any ADR mechanism;

whether all available remedies have been exhausted before embarking on litigation;

the cost of litigation;

the possibility, practicalities and potential difficulties of enforcing the judgment; and

the civil procedure rules of the relevant court.

NOW THIS

JURISDICTION OF COURTS IN COMMERCIAL LITIGATION

Jurisdiction of courts to try commercial litigation is established by the Constitution, and several judicial decisions have also been held to that effect. Subject matter rules can be found in Chapter VII of the Constitution, which prescribes the jurisdiction of the superior courts of record. The civil procedure rules of various courts determine how the court would exercise jurisdiction over foreign parties.

Jurisdictional challenges are available and are usually grounded on the court’s lack of subject matter jurisdiction or jurisdiction over the parties, or both. The principle of abuse of court process is available to prevent defenders from duplicating actions and instituting an overlapping process in another jurisdiction in Nigeria. Generally speaking, there is no protection available to stop a defendant from starting an overlapping process in a foreign jurisdiction preferred by it. However, where a court decision or judgment prevents an individual from starting or continuing an overlapping process and such individual continues, he or she would be liable for contempt of court, which could be both criminal and civil in nature.

RES JUDICATA

As is native to the Nigerian legal system, the principle of res judicata applies to complex commercial litigation. It is the principle that prohibits parties from pursuing or reinstituting a matter that has already been adjudicated upon by a court of competent jurisdiction. (To be continued next week).

THE WORLD WE LIVE IN

“Husband: You have stopped telling me how handsome I am and how much you love me.

Wife: I am now born again. I have stopped lying”.

THOUGHT FOR THE WEEK

“Litigation is the pursuit of practical ends, not a game of chess.” (Felix Fr MANAGING COMPLEX LITIGATION)

Opinion

President Tinubu’s Silence on Wike: A Calculated Gambit or Political Oversight?

Published

8 hours ago

March 24, 2025

Eric

By Oyinkan Andu

Hours after the March 18 explosion on the Trans Niger Pipeline – which threatened to upend the transportation of 245,000 barrels of crude oil daily – President Bola Ahmed Tinubu took decisive action by declaring a state of emergency in Rivers State. The move was undeniably bold, but also deeply ironic.
Flashback to 2013, when Tinubu, then opposition leader, furiously condemned former President Goodluck Jonathan’s declaration of a state of emergency in parts of Northern Nigeria. He decried it as a “ploy to subvert constitutional democracy” and warned of its destructive consequences. While the 2013 emergency was aimed at addressing a genuine humanitarian crisis in the face of Boko Haram insurgency, the context now is starkly different – politically motivated turmoil in Rivers State, driven by the power struggle between President Tinubu’s allies.

The Dangers of a State of Emergency in the Niger Delta

Looking back at Nigeria’s history, it’s hard to ignore the dark shadows of military rule, where states of emergency were routinely invoked as political tools. Under military regimes from the 1960s to the 1990s, emergency powers were used to quell dissent and assert control, often at the cost of democratic freedoms. From General Yakubu Gowon’s administration, which invoked emergency rule during the Civil War, to Ibrahim Babangida’s deployment of the same tactic to suppress electoral uprisings, Nigeria has seen firsthand the dangers of turning to emergency rule in times of political unrest.

These authoritarian precedents have often led to deeper divisions and instability, fostering environments ripe for corruption and manipulation. President Tinubu’s potential misuse of the state of emergency in Rivers State echoes this troubling past, underscoring how history could repeat itself if Nigeria’s political elites continue to prioritise personal alliances over democratic principles.

History teaches that such measures often spark unintended consequences: renewed piracy, cultism, and an uptick in kidnappings. It threatens to undermine the peace painstakingly fostered by the Niger Delta Amnesty Program since 2009. The real danger? A resurgence of inter-militant warfare, as the Wike and Fubara factions, already drawing lines in the sand, could plunge the region into a new cycle of chaos and vendettas.

The real irony? Tinubu’s deafening silence on Nyesom Wike’s role in this mess. The man at the heart of the Rivers crisis, Wike, remains untouched by the political fallout, and yet his actions remain a looming shadow over the state’s governance. Why?

The Rivers State Crisis

To get a sense of the stakes, one must understand the underlying political drama that’s been unfolding in Rivers State. It all began with Wike’s choice of Siminalayi Fubara as his successor in 2023. What seemed like a smooth transition turned into an intense clash of egos and ambitions. Fubara, instead of toeing Wike’s line, started flexing his independence, particularly by resisting Wike’s influence from Abuja.

What followed? Political warfare.

Wike’s loyalists in the Rivers State House of Assembly attempted an impeachment of Fubara. In response, Fubara dissolved the assembly, triggering a constitutional crisis. Then, the Rivers House of Assembly complex mysteriously caught fire, sparking accusations of foul play. Fubara, in a rash display of misguided impunity, demolished the complex, citing safety concerns, but fuelling allegations of erasing evidence.
The more this drama unfolded, the more one figure remained untouchable: Wike.

Tinubu’s Selective Accountability

President Tinubu, however, has opted for a peculiar kind of selective accountability. He swiftly reprimanded Fubara, yet remained silent on Wike’s clear interference in the affairs of Rivers State. His silence is deafening, especially when PDP Governors openly criticised Wike’s destabilising influence. Why? Is Wike above reproach?
The silence, coupled with the fact that civil society groups and opposition figures have questioned President Tinubu’s inaction, has raised critical questions about whether Tinubu is playing favorites.

Nyesom Wike – The Untouchable

A plausible explanation for President Tinubu’s reluctance to confront Wike may lie in the realm of political debt. In the 2023 elections, Wike defied his own party, the PDP, and backed Tinubu’s presidential bid. This defection was pivotal in securing Rivers State for Tinubu. In return, Wike secured the cushy post of Minister for the Federal Capital Territory, further entrenching his influence.

The question now is whether President Tinubu is unable to hold Wike accountable due to this political debt. President Tinubu may view Wike’s support as indispensable for his broader 2027 political ambitions, particularly in neutralising the PDP and bolstering his hold in the South-South. But this kind of political manoeuvring is a dangerous gamble. By selectively punishing Fubara while allowing Wike to go unchallenged, Tinubu risks institutionalising a culture of impunity which directly challenges his Hope Renewed agenda.

Wike’s Troubling Track Record

Wike is no stranger to accusations of overreach and intimidation. During his tenure as Governor of Rivers State, his administration was plagued by Allegations of using security forces to silence opposition and undue influence over judicial matters to maintain his grip on power.

This history of excess, combined with President Tinubu’s blind eye, raises serious concerns about the future trajectory of governance in Rivers State—and Nigeria at large.

From Lagos to Rivers, powerful figures who control the strings of political fortunes in their states have often used this leverage to demand loyalty from political protégés. Wike’s unchecked influence could very well be a continuation of this political tradition, where the state apparatus bends to the will of the godfather, rather than the people.

The Broader Implications for Nigerian Democracy

The turbulence of Nigeria’s post-1999 civilian government era remains a cautionary tale. Though Nigeria made strides in its return to democracy, its political stability remains fragile. Many of the challenges faced in the post-1999 era — rigged elections, systemic violence, and political manipulation still persist and appear to be directly incompatible with the promised “Renewal” we voted for in the 2023 election, so why maintain the status quo? The failure to hold Wike accountable continues this troubling tradition of weak governance and selective justice. When Nigerian leaders are continuously carte blanche to act without consequence, it escalates a negative trajectory in an environment where impunity already flourishes. It also sets a dangerous precedent for other politicians, who might see the president’s inaction as an endorsement of their own ambitions, no matter how disruptive.

If President Tinubu continues to shield Wike from accountability, it could further erode the public’s trust in the rule of law and democratic institutions and the “hope” that’s already on life support might flatline entirely.

The longer he withholds action, the greater the cost—both for his credibility and for the future of Nigeria’s democracy.
As Nigeria watches, one thing is clear: silence in this case is not neutrality—it is complicity.

Opinion

Akpoti-Uduaghan vs The System: A Battle for the Soul of Nigeria

Published

21 hours ago

March 24, 2025

Eric

...Examining the Court’s Ruling on Natasha Akpoti-Uduaghan’s Recall

By Oyinkan Andu

The Federal High Court’s decision to vacate the order restraining INEC from receiving recall petitions against Senator Natasha Akpoti-Uduaghan might seem like another legal technicality. But in Nigeria, where democracy often functions like a high-stakes chess game, it’s far more than that.

Yes, the ruling reaffirms the constitutional right of constituents to recall elected officials. But it also raises a pressing question: is this a legitimate expression of voter dissatisfaction or just another political tool wielded to neutralise opponents?

In a political landscape as ruthless as Nigeria’s, recall mechanisms can be easily weaponised. Imagine a system where every ambitious politician, backed by well-oiled interests, could trigger a recall simply to distract, destabilise, or discredit an opponent. That’s not democracy—that’s guerrilla warfare.

The courts, therefore, carry the weighty responsibility of ensuring that recalls serve the people, not political vendettas. While this ruling allows the petition process to proceed, INEC must still verify whether it meets legal standards. The real challenge? Ensuring the recall process remains a tool of accountability, not an instrument of sabotage.

A Battle Beyond the Courts

There’s an unspoken rule in Nigerian politics: women must play by different rules or risk being destroyed. Senator Natasha Akpoti-Uduaghan is learning this the hard way.

When she accused Senate President Godswill Akpabio of sexual harassment, the expected reaction should have been outrage, an investigation, something. Instead, she was swiftly suspended for six months—punished for daring to speak out in a system meticulously designed to silence women like her.

The backlash followed a familiar script. Yet, something unprecedented happened: many Nigerians rallied behind her.

For a country where high-profile accusations of sexual misconduct have historically met women with more backlash than justice, this shift was remarkable.

Consider Busola Dakolo’s case against Pastor Biodun Fatoyinbo—the backlash was so severe that she eventually fled the country briefly. The playbook is always the same: discredit, dismiss, destroy.

Yet, despite the growing support Akpoti-Uduaghan has received, scepticism remains.

Some immediately doubted her claims—not just out of political distrust, but because the truth can be too unsettling to confront. What if she’s pulling back the curtain on something too ugly to acknowledge? What if this is just the tip of the iceberg—a world where male politicians have long wielded power with unchecked impunity, protected by silence, complicity, and fear? Or worse still, what if some female politicians, past and present, have been coerced into submission, while others—women who could have reshaped Nigeria’s political landscape for the better—were cast aside and destroyed simply for refusing to play along?

Others dismissed her as yet another ambitious politician playing the game. They scrutinised everything—her privileged background, her past as a single mother, even her audacity to be politically ambitious.

But did they stop to ask: what if she’s telling the truth?

Her allegations don’t exist in a vacuum. Investigative reports from The Guardian and Al Jazeera have hinted at murmurings—and even documented claims—about Akpabio’s conduct. Former aides and political insiders have whispered about inappropriate behavior for years. But like so many before, these allegations were swept under the rug.

The same forces that fuel scepticism today—patriarchy, political self-interest, and distrust of authority—are the ones that have allowed such claims to be ignored in the past.

If history teaches us anything, it’s that impunity thrives in silence. And yet, silence is precisely what is expected of women in Nigerian politics.

Speaking Out Isn’t Just Hard—It’s Dangerous
Calling out powerful men in Nigeria doesn’t just lead to public humiliation—it’s a battle for survival. If Akpoti-Uduaghan is telling the truth, she isn’t just fighting for justice; she’s fighting for her future.

Women across Africa who challenge power rarely escape unscathed:

Fatou Jagne Senghore (Gambia) was persecuted for pushing gender rights.
Stella Nyanzi (Uganda) was jailed for calling out misogyny.
Joyce Banda (former President of Malawi) endured relentless smear campaigns simply for daring to lead.
Nigeria is no different. The system is designed to make women regret speaking up.

Why Is It So Hard to Believe Women?

Scepticism toward Akpoti-Uduaghan follows predictable lines. She’s a politician. In a system riddled with corruption, people assume any claim is a power move.

She’s privileged. Many believe wealth should shield a woman from harassment. In reality, privilege just makes her easier to discredit.
She’s a single mother. Nigerian society weaponises a woman’s personal life. Being unmarried or divorced is treated as a flaw, making her an easy target.
She’s up against a powerful man. This isn’t just any politician—Akpabio is the Senate President. This is a battle between an insider and an inconvenient woman.
In a system that prioritises the status quo, it’s always easier to believe a woman is lying than to confront the reality that a powerful man might be guilty.

A Nigerian #MeToo Moment?
Nigeria has dodged its #MeToo reckoning for years.

In 2017, the U.S. saw powerful men fall as women spoke out. In Nigeria, women who speak up are ridiculed, threatened, or erased.

Now, with Natasha’s case, we stand at a crossroads:

If she is lying, let the evidence prove it.
If she is telling the truth and is destroyed for it, what does that say about us as a society?Let’s us also give her the benefit of the doubt that she may not have planned to reveal this issue if her hand was not forced by the Senate presidents petty actions against her while undergoing her duties.
This isn’t just about Natasha. This is about every Nigerian woman who has been afraid to speak.

It’s why women’s groups chant “We Are All Natasha.” It’s not just a slogan—it’s a demand for change. If a senator can be silenced, what hope do ordinary women have?

Beyond Politics: This Is About Justice
Forget party lines. Forget personal opinions about Natasha Akpoti-Uduaghan. This is about justice.

What allegedly happened to her could happen to any woman—any woman who dares to say, “Enough.”

So will Nigeria listen? Or will we continue silencing women until they stop speaking altogether?

A Shifting Demographic Tide—And A Hopeful Future
There’s something the system isn’t ready for: women are becoming the majority.

Demographic studies show that across Africa, female populations are growing faster than male populations due to socio-economic factors. This shift could fundamentally change power dynamics.

A growing female electorate will demand better representation.
As women gain economic power, traditional gender roles will evolve.
A society that values female leadership is more likely to embrace justice, collaboration, and reform.

But change is never welcomed by those who benefit from the status quo. The very trend that could lead to a more equitable Nigeria is already provoking backlash.

The Real Battle: Will Nigeria Listen?
At its core, this is a battle over Nigeria’s future.

Will we continue a culture where speaking up comes at a cost too high to bear? Or will we seize this moment to redefine the standards of justice and power?

The courage of women who speak out must be celebrated, not condemned. Because if a senator, armed with privilege and power, can be silenced—what chance do the millions of silenced women stand?

And so, the question remains: Will Nigeria listen?

Opinion

Building Resilience in the Face of Adversity

Published

1 day ago

March 23, 2025

Eric

By Hezekiah Olujobi

Adversity, like sculpture, brings out the best in us and makes us stronger than our adversaries

In 2004, I suddenly lost my job at my mother church due to a misunderstanding of the purpose of my vision and persecution.

Since then, life has been a series of struggles. As a survivor of injustice and someone, who has experienced life in prison six consecutive times, I understand that in a society where stigma can severely damage one’s image, exposing oneself can create barriers to growth. However, I cannot remain silent about my story of salvation. If my own blood sister can doubt me and say it will take two years before she believes my story, why should I take offense at the opinions of outsiders? If my church authority can decline my vision, why should I blame the pastor who did not believe in it?

I believe I should stand up for those who are going through similar experiences, and filling this gap has been a profound experience for me.

Out of the integrity of my heart and ignorance of the consequences that may lie ahead, I made the decision to stand by the vision. I told the church authorities when I was asked to choose between prison evangelism and the practical aspect of reintegration, “Sir, the message is incomplete. It is insufficient to preach the gospel to prisoners without further care for their reintegration; it is incomplete to abandon a man who has wronged many people and is willing to reconcile with them.”

Nothing moved me as much as when someone approached me seeking help for accommodation upon their release. Due to this pressing need, the initiative of the Halfway Home was established. The needs arose, but where are the resources? As a result, I had to search for resources and find a way to survive. Please underline the word SURVIVE. As a father of three children at that time, where do I start life from? There is a need to reach out to the people.

In my quest for funding from local efforts, I encountered many individuals with practical life experiences. I visited a large church, thinking the problem would be solved, but what I found was a big mess. I remember a church secretary to whom I shared my vision and mission, who told me, “Sir, this church you see is going through big challenges. Every Sunday, the offerings amount to millions, and the bank staff are on the ground to take the money away for their loan recovery. As a matter of fact, our salary is inconsistent.”

So many realities of life were revealed to me. Sometimes, if you don’t know the story of where someone is coming from, what they have been through, and what they are still going through, one day you will understand, and the regret of your neglected actions and your sense of judgment may not leave you easily.

If you are the type who judges people based on assumptions—that this person, that fellow you are looking at, has the potential to help you but refuses to do so—you may live with the regret of your wrong assumptions when you finally learn what he or she is going through. Many of those whom you judge based on outward appearances are facing significant challenges that they cannot share with you. Some, despite their challenges, are still standing tall and stretching out their hands to help you. You may not be the only one on their list, yet they still sacrifice to do their best, and yet you are not satisfied or appreciative.

Some are out there sitting on a wrecked ship that is about to sink but cannot tell you. Some are battling life-threatening diseases beneath their clothes, yet what they can offer you is a smile on their faces.

This small piece is for my people going through whatever struggles they may face. Please, DO NOT GIVE UP! You are alive for a reason. Every day of your life, you must fight to be a better person than you were yesterday.

Looking back at where I am coming from, I can say that my today is far better than my yesterday, and tomorrow will be even better at the appointed time of my turning point.

What will be your reaction to those who betrayed you, those who backbite and backlash you, those who added more pain to your journey, and those who blocked you?

As for me, I look at them as if nothing happened. Without their rejection, I may not have learned the lessons I learned today. Adversity, like sculpture, brings out the best in us and makes us stronger than our adversaries.

To all my partners and supporters, to those individuals who choose to invest in my personal growth, and to those who are going through challenges yet still reaching out to help others, I say a big thank you.

Never give up!

See you at the top!!

Hezekiah Deboboye Olujobi CRJ writes from Lagos