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Something’s Fundamentally Wrong with Nigeria’s Coat of Arms – Environmentalist Thomas Emmanuel

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By Eric Elezuo
Can we really recall what most of us were taught during our formative years in the elementary schools about the symbols of Nigerian unity vis a vis the National Flag, the Coat of Arms and the National Anthem and Pledge. They were reputed as factors that bound the Nigeria people together. But today, it has been discovered that the Coat of Arms has a fundamentally flaw, which must not be allowed to remain.
Speaking exclusively to The Boss, an Environmentalist and Plants Expert, Thomas Emmanuel, disclosed that in his many years of observing the Coat of Arms, he has come to discover that a particular plant depicted in the picture is wrongly presented. While the plant is naturally yellow in colour, it is presented as red in the coat of arms. Emmanuel also noted that the position of the eagle, which is made to face the west, is wrong, suggesting that it should rather face the east. In his words, it is appropriate we begin our restructuring with those things that make for national unity, go back to the basis and fix the things that bound us together, and the national symbols, especially the coat of arms is uppermost in consideration.
Thomas, a Landscape Planner and Environmentalist with Dreamscape Resources, had taken it upon himself to bring to the knowledge of the Nigerian public of the indiscriminate use of the Nigerian coat of arms, with special interest in the colour of the special plant, COSTUS SPECTABILIS, better known as YellowTrumpet, used herein. He is of the opinion that the plant, which is very rare, is an item of great importance to the Nigerian nation, and should be treated as such. And to do such, the nation must by appropriating it its right colour on the coat of arms; the colour ‘yellow’.
But how did the quest to do the right thing as regards the plant came about. Hear him:
“I’ve been on this project in the last 12 years; working both on the Coats Of Arms of Nigeria and on the national plants of Nigeria. In 2007, I was doing a design as a Landscaper, and suddenly the name of this plant dropped into my mind because I was taught about it back in the days in primary school. I therefore, informed the National Plant of Nigeria as I believed it would help my design and it would be easy for me to find. But that was not to be. I never believed a national plant as such would prove difficult to find.
“I started by asking people who I thought knew about plants but none of them seems to have seen or heard about the it. I printed the picture online and showed a lot of people but none expressed knowledge of it. it was a tug of war. I even offered incentives to some just in case they come across it while I searched from garden to garden in between my official job description.
“It was not until 2016 that someone called and gave me hope at a location in Abuja. My journey to Abuja proved abortive as the person did not really have it. Again, I was told I could find it at Epe. It was at Epe that a man who deals in herbs confirmed he had seen it before, but they don’t have it anymore. It  was a flicker of hope.
“Fast forwarding to February, 2018, somebody raised my hope and said I could find it in Jos. Again, I got my crew together and we set out for Jos. Right there, deep in the forest, we found it for the first time. I collected 25 of them but arrived Lagos with only one as the other 24 died on the way. I already learnt the act of cultivating the plant through a contact in Zambia.
“Now, looking at the plant in my hand, I was sure that what we have on the coat of arms was wrong because it depicts a red version of the plant. I’ve researched and  discovered that the flowers were only Yellow in colour. So why do we have to colour ours red. Though the English name is Yellow Trumpet, it is however, not advisable to call it so because more than one plant can bear one common name. Let’s take for instance, a popular network company once put up a post on Instagram, asking if anyone knew the plant on the Nigeria Coat of Arms. In the their answer, they said yellow trumpet, but presented a plant called ‘Allamanda’. You see, if they had used the botanical name Costus Spectabilis, only one image would appear, and that would be the right plant. They were wrong!
“With the knowledge I had, I started making some product out of the plant. Then I approached the Ministry of Industry and Investment for a patent to protect my work rather my Intellectual Property. They told me that since it has to do with a national symbol, I have to get a letter from the President. Tough as it is, I made my move to the Presidency, to the Vice President’s office, to different Ministries, but there was no good response. I’ll continue the pushing because it doesn’t portray Nigeria in good light. How can we have over 20 different coats of arms all portraying different things and in different shapes and colours.
Thomas’ journey to finding the suitable colours and outlook for the national symbol has revealed and sadly so, that the coat of arms the President uses is different from the one the Vice President uses and further differs from those with the ministries, departments, parastatal and agencies, not forgetting the governors. To him, the confusion in the inability to adapt to the right status symbol cannot be far from the reason the country is in a topsy turvy situation.
“Everything that has been showcased in government establishments as regards the coat of arms is quite different from what we were taught in school,” Thomas lamented.
But are the differences in the coat of arms attached to various ministries and other high profile offices including the president and vice president’s office, deliberate? Just what if the government has decided to categorise the symbols based on offices?
A source from the Ministry of the Environment said without equivocation that there was no room for the differences, and that the symbol is supposed to be one and the same. A check also proved that some have eight yellow flowers, some have six, some others have six, eight, 10 red flowers, depending on who the artist is, and so the dichotomy continues.

Thomas and his team in search of Costus Spectabilis

“The difference is a huge mistake. It is not supposed to be. The symbol is meant to be one and the same wherever it is found,” the source, who craved anonymity informed.
A further check of the website of Nigerian Embassy reveals that Coctus Septabilis is the name of the flower on the Nigeria Coat of Arms but for ‘inexplicable reasons’, it is coloured red. But nobody, not even the embassy can explain these inexplicable reasons. What seemed to happen lies in the territory that someone just woke up one day and felt that red is a better colour for the plant or one uninformed artist has overzealously coloured using his own whims and caprice, and those who supposedly should know have looked the other way.
What is Emmanuel Thomas’ quest today as regards the flower
“In the first place, I am trying to get the authorities to correct the coat of arms, and once that is done, a bill should be raised in the National Assembly towards enacting a law that specifies exactly what the Coat of Arms of Nigeria National Flag should be in terms of colour and shape. Again, nowadays, the textbooks used in our various schools bear different coat of arms, all explaining different things. This is not right! And that explains the reason I carry the plants wherever I go; to show the students so that they can really see it. Currently, I am growing about a thousand plants in Lagos.
“Thirdly the plant has economic value, and a lot of things can actually be done with it. I have derived a by-products from it, and I am working on the second one. The intention is to make Nigerians understand that some of the things we have not done is because we are yet to look inwards and tap into our strengths. I believe that instead of trying to adapt to some strange technology, we can take advantage of the one particular to us, sell them to the world and earn foreign exchange.
“Another reason is that the plant is rare, and it shouldn’t be. The more I talk about this, the more people treat it with indifference. Some have even asked if the plant ‘dey put food for table’. Well, I see such response as the aftermath of our present harsh realities.
However, for those who have asked if the coat of arms has any part to play in Nigeria’s trade relations with other countries. In other words, inquiring about its importance in the scheme of things if eventually it is made consistent, Thomas said:
“Honestly, it is beyond the way we look at it. Good Name, they say, is better than silver and gold, and that inconsistency shows that we may not be able sustain development tomorrow. Nigeria Coat of Arms is beyond what we learn in school. I know a lot about symbols, and something is fundamentally wrong with our coat of arms.
“Let’s get this straight: the eagle on the Nigeria coat of arms symbolizes our strength, but this eagle is gazing at the west, and that does not support the meaning of the eagle. Be informed that all sort of energies come from the sun, and the sun rises in the east and sets on the west. The eagle cannot be gazing at the west where the sun sets; the eagle is meant to gaze at the east where the sun rises, where it derives strength. While the east symbolizes strength, the west symbolizes darkness.
“A source once said that the eagle’s position depicts a position to fight its aggressors, but do you fight your enemy in his comfort zone? Let me tell you how this has affected Nigeria; the country has been going out to fight against enemies of other African countries, just as its foreign policy objectives stipulate. But the country has left itself bare while doing that. Nigeria needs to change its policy, look towards the light and protect itself first, vis a vis its own people, economy, politics and all. We can launch out from home and not the other way round. We don’t want to eat our own locally produced food, we don’t want to use our locally produced items; it’s a problem from the inside and the coats of arms influenced it. So I have brought up a totally new design for the Nigerian coat of arms the one that reflect what our policy should look like, and I want the government attention. There should be changes and I think the real restructuring is getting the basic things right, focusing on the details.
What effort is being made to get the President’s attention so far?
“I have established communication with the office of the Vice President, and most ministries, but no response. However, maybe because Twitter presence, I got a response from the office of the Vice-President. I had to go to the state house and talk about it, but no appreciate solution in sight. The good thing is they agree something is wrong, and will be worked on. I will keep talking about it, because I don’t want it to be forgotten, I keep bombarding the President and Vice President on Twitter, but I think the Vice President should know that it is a very important issue.”
With everything not going as planned, does the environment has a second option to get attention to his project
“Nothing good comes easy, so I will keep the campaign alive and push harder. On one hand, I will continue the advocacy with the Federal government, and on the other hand, I’ll intensify exhibitions and workshops with primary and secondary school pupils. Next year, I will be speaking to students in Lagos then Kaduna, Delta states among others. I will also be publishing a book on my findings soon. The plant will be given free to anyone who buys a book.
Thomas understood that the fragile nature of the plant should be the reason behind choosing it as one of the objects on the coat of arms. He believes it speaks a lot about the fragile nature of the nation.
“I have tried reaching out to some museums and military facilities to find out the reason behind using the Costus Spectabilis, but as always, no one is willing to give a suitable response. However, I wrote to the Institute of Arms in the United Kingdom because the British gave us the coat of arms before independent. And they responded. Therefore, from their description, what we have today is not what they gave us at independence. They confirmed that the flowers given to us at independence were yellow and white. I requested for the original image, but found out it would 80 Pounds for a review. That explains why I don’t have the pictures.
At what point therefore, did the coat of arms changed, who changed it, who authorised it, and why is no one bothered that a national identity is not what it use to be. Time is now for all concerned to take another cursory look at the what makes Nigeria a nation.
“Lest I forget, it is important to add that the insertion or inscription of the coat of arms on the National Flag is wrong and inappropriate, and should be discontinued.”

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Glo Celebrates Executive Director, Sade Michael-Adenuga at 31

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By Eric Elezuo

Communications giant, GLOBACOM, has celebrated its Group Executive Director, Madam Sade Michael-Adenuga, as she clocks 31.

In a message via the Group’s X account, Globacom celebrated the go-getting abilities Ms Michael-Adenuga, recognising her dedication, professionalism and unwavering commitment, which have continued speak loud in the growth and development of the Gbobacom Group.

The message reads:

“Today, we celebrate Madam Sade Michael-Adenuga, whose dedication, professionalism, and unwavering commitment continue to make a meaningful difference.

“As you mark another year, we wish you good health, happiness, and many more years of fulfilment and remarkable accomplishments. May the year ahead bring every opportunity to continue making an enduring impact.

“Happy Birthday, Madam Sade Michael-Adenuga.”

Sade Michael-Adenuga is the last daughter of the billionaire businessman, philanthropist and founder of the Glo brand, among many other business concerns.

Beautiful and highly ceregral, Sade is a certified Barrister and Solicitor of the Supreme Court of Nigeria. She currently serves as a Group Executive Director of Globacom Group, and is the founder of QuickLaw.

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Adeleke and Momodu: A Classic Tale of ‘Twin’ Brothers

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By Eric Elezuo

The story of the Chairman, Ovation Media Group, Chief Dele Momodu, and the Governor of Osun State, Senator Ademola Adeleke, is one told from a multiple dimension. It encompasses passion, love, friendship, camaraderie, collaboration, and more importantly, brotherhood.

Here’s a classic tale of two individuals, who started as acquaintances, transmuted into being friends, and today has become inseparable, not just as brothers, but as ‘twin’ brothers. No wonder the Bible says, there’s a friend that sticks closer than a brother; that’s the story of ‘Demola and Dele. A typical example of Double D. A classic tale of friendship made in heaven.

Both have seen measured successes in their various fields of endeavours. Adeleke, besides being an accomplished entrepreneur, has in his own way, conquered the field of politics, having served as a distinguished Senator of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, and presently serving as the Executive Governor of Osun State.

Momodu, on his part, has not in any way lacked behind. Beyond establishing and sustaining Africa’s number one celebrity magazine, Momodu is an iconic journalist, publisher, businessman and a motivational speaker, who has both working and personal relationships with many influential world leaders. He has been one shot away from the highest office in the land, having contested for the Nigerian presidency, first as a candidate in 2011, and as an aspirant in 2023.

Born same year, 1960, same month, May, the brothers have from time in memorial, shared a common bond that has given onlookers the apertite to ask more questions about their originality. But while one is from Edo State, the other is from Osun. However, the state barriers notwithstanding, Adeleke and Momodu has proved to the world what true friendship means.

Over the weekend when Momodu celebrated his 66th birthday, just three days after Adeleke celebrated his at the Government House, in Oshogbo, the Governor gladly referred to Momodu as his ‘twin’ brother, a motion that everyone readily agreed with. It is worthy of note that while Adeleke was born on May 13, 1960, Momodu was born on May 16, 1960. Friends and associates always insist that Adeleke is three days older than Momodu, and that one fact Momodu has come to live with, and joyously celebrates.

In his message at the birthday celebration, held with incisive discussion on the theme, Ignorance and The Danger of Xenophobia, at the Dele Momodu Leadership Centre, Alalubosa, Ibadan, the Governor extolled the qualities of Momodu, fondly referring to him as ‘my twin brother’. He hailed Momodu for always using his birthday to speak to the conscience of Africa, especially in the last three years.

At the event, organized by The Dele Momodu Foundation, with the theme, “Ignorance and the Danger of Xenophobia.” Speakers at the occasion condemned the rising tide of xenophobic attacks, particularly those targeting Nigerian citizens in South Africa, warning that such hostility undermines regional progress, peace, and continental unity.

 
Taking the podium to honour the celebrant, whom he affectionately described as his “twin brother,” Adeleke praised Chief Momodu not only as a towering figure in African journalism and publishing; serving as the CEO and Publisher of the celebrated Ovation International magazine but also as an advocate for unity. The governor further called for urgent action to protect Nigerian citizens abroad in relation to the theme of the day, and the body language of the continent as a result of the present situation in South Africa, where black foreign population is being persecuted and threatened. 
 
“Xenophobia is a cancer that eats away at the fabric of our shared humanity,” Governor Adeleke said. “The attacks on our citizens in South Africa and elsewhere demand serious and immediate attention. As leaders, we must come together across borders to ensure that these hostilities stop. We cannot speak of a united Africa while our brothers and sisters are targeted simply for being Nigerian,” the governor said.
 
The governor further pledged his administration’s full support for initiatives aimed at ending xenophobic violence against Nigerians in the diaspora, emphasizing that diplomatic and collaborative efforts are necessary to safeguard the dignity of African citizens everywhere.
 
The event drew a distinguished array of guests. The keynote lecture was delivered by Professor Eghosa Emmanuel Osaghae, Director-General of the Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, who provided an incisive analysis of the socio-political roots of xenophobia and its impact on pan-African integration.
 
The Chairperson of the occasion was Her Excellency Jewel Howard-Taylor, former Vice President of the Republic of Liberia, whose presence emphasized the pan-African significance of the gathering. A somber yet inspiring musical performance was delivered by Sir Shina Peter, the guest musician, who paid tribute to a life well lived in service of journalism and humanity.
 
In his remarks, the celebrant thanked the governor, the dignitaries, and the foundation for turning his birthday into a platform for meaningful dialogue and action.
 
 

DELE MOMODU – MAY 16, 1960

Dele Momodu, without an iota of doubt stands tall among those who have been diligent in businesses, and it is therefore, no surprise that he has stood, and is still standing not just before kings but with kings.

Born Ayòbámidélé Àbáyòmí Ojútelégàn Àjàní Momodu on May 16, 1960, some 63 years ago, Chief Dele Momodu as he is known in the business circle, and Bob Dee, in the social stage, is by every standard a man who is diligent in his business. And it is no wonder that he has not only stood before kings, he had and continues to dine with kings. There is practically no influential person that Dele Momodu does not know across the length and breadth of Nigeria, Africa and on the inter-continental stage. He is that large!

By every standard a rare breed, Momodu is many things in one; journalist/publisher, businessman, philanthropist, actor, politician and motivational speaker. Among all these he considers himself simply as a reporter, and even with a retinue of seasoned staff still ventures into the field to scoop exclusives. Those who have referred to him as a workaholic are not far from the truth. Even he, himself has an oft quoted line thus “those who come from poor background cannot afford to sleep too much”.

A beacon of the Momodu family, Dele, the last of three siblings, was ‘privileged’ to lose his father at the age of 13, and was therefore sentenced to the complete tutelage of his mother, and sometimes relatives. His mother became practically his mentor, teacher  and soulmate until she passed away on May 18, 2007, two days after Dele’s 47th birthday. According to him, one of the many morals his mother, who he revered next to God, taught him, is never to despair even when times are tough. Even in her near poverty state, Dele maintained that ‘she didn’t give up on me.’

The accomplished journalist, whose first name was derived from Ayobamidele, meaning “my joy has followed me home”, is a proud 1982 graduate of the University of Ife, (now Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife) where he obtained a degree in Yoruba Language, and followed it up in 1988 with a master’s degree in English Literature.

He kicked off his professional career as a lecturer at the Oyo State College of Arts and Science in Ile-Ife, between 1982 and 1983 while serving as a corps member. He went on to become the private secretary to the former Deputy Governor of Ondo State, Chief Akin Omoboriowo, a position he held from 1983 till 1985. In 1986, he was elevated to serve the Ooni of Ife, Oba Okunade Sijuwade Olubuse II, managing his Motel Royal Limited.

Momodu is the proprietor of the no 1 celebrity journal, Ovation International Magazine, The Boss Newspaper and Ovation Television.

The Akinrogun of Gbonganland, who is also the Aare of Iwoland, has also been honoured with the Prestigious Value Leadership award by an organisation, Nigeria, which is a subsidiary of Moonlite Integrated Concept, among an avalanche of awards, honours and tags. Momodu us consistently praised for his admirable efforts, which have not gone unnoticed.

 

ADEMOLA JACKSON ADELEKE – MAY 13, 1960

Born of the Adeleke family of Ede in Osun State on May 13, 1960, Adeleke commenced his primary education at Methodist Primary School, Surulere Lagos State before he was privileged to relocate to Old Oyo State to continue his education at Nawarudeen Primary School, Ikire.

Adeleke was born Nurudeen Ademola Adeleke to a Muslim father and Nnena Esther Adeleke, an Igbo Christian mother. Like him, Adeleke’s father, Raji Ayoola Adeleke was a Senator and the Balogun of Ede land in Osun State. His father, Raji Ayoola Adeleke was also the leader of the Unity Party of Nigeria (UPN).

On completion of his primary education, he moved on to The Seventh Day Adventist Secondary School, Ede to begin his post primary schooling. In the later years however, he attended Ede Muslim Grammar School Ede, where he completed his secondary school education and subsequently relocated to the United States of America, joining his two older brothers, who were also studying there.

In the United States, he joined Jacksonville State University, Alabama, and studied Criminal Justice, with minor in Political Science.

To prove doubting Thomases, who wiped up controversies around his educational qualification, wrong, he went back to school and got enrolled at Atlanta Metropolitan State College in the United States, where he obtained a Bachelor of Science degree in Criminal Justice in 2021.

A businessman and administrator of no mean repute, Adeleke was the humble Group Executive Director at his brother’s company, Pacific Holdings Limited from 2001 to 2016, where his credible performances shot the company to enviable heights; a height it is still enjoying till date.

It is imperative to note that before he joined Pacific Holdings Limited, Senator Adeleke worked with Quicksilver Courier Company in Atlanta, Georgia, US, as a service contractor from 1985 to 1989. His dexterity to work earned him a progression in career, and he berthed as Vice President at Origin International LLC, Atlanta, Georgia, US, a flavours and fragrance manufacturing company. His meritorious stewardship lasted a period of five years, from 1990 to 1994.

Not a few has described Adeleke as the philanthropic capital of Ede, as his influence in aiding the less privileged and downtrodden remains top notch. He is a voracious believer in community development, and has not spared any expense to see that his community receives global influence.

Politically, Adeleke is a beacon of light and hard nut to crack, having remained an albatross to opposing powers and a reference point to ideal administration.

Shortly after he lost his brother, Senator Isiaka Adeleke, who died in April 2017, he contested the Osun West 2017 Senatorial by-election, emerging as the winner under the Peoples Democratic Party, where he decamped to from the All Progressives Congress (APC).

Having emerged senator, Adeleke’s political influence waxed stronger, an on July 23, 2018, he emerged as the governorship candidate of PDP in Osun State.

Adeleke ran for Osun state governorship election under the PDP against top contenders Alhaji Gboyega Oyetola of APC and Iyiola Omisore of SDP on 22 September 2018. The election was declared inconclusive by the Independent Electoral Commission (INEC) while Adeleke was leading, and a rerun slated on September 27, 2018. The candidate of the APC Oyetola was declared winner after the run-off. Adeleke protested the result describing the election as a “coup”.

Much as on March 22, 2019, the tribunal sitting in Abuja declared Adeleke the winner of the election, the Supreme Court later affirmed Gboyega Oyetola as the authentic winner of the 2018 Osun State governorship election on Friday, July 5, 2019

Popularly known as the Dancing Senator because of his penchant to joyfully react to the sounds of music, Adeleke is uncle to one of Nigeria’s popular musicians, Davido.

Governor Adeleke is married to two beautiful women. They are blessed with three children who are all entertainers. They are B-Red and Shina Rambo and a daughter, Nike Adeleke. He is the uncle of one Nigeria’s primus inter pares in entertainment, Davido.

As expected, Adeleke is moving Osun State to the greatest of heights as he promised, and many who know him agree that there are still very many more in the offing even as he navigates his political prowess to win again on August 15.

These ‘twin’ brothers have become a toast of reference. They are hardworking, philanthropic in nature, and always happy.

Yes, always happy as the smiles and dance in their gaits at all times are unmistakable.

Cheers to brotherhood!

Cheers to Ademola Adeleke and Dele Momodu!

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Koumagnon Family Pledges Unalloyed Support for Romuald Wadagni As President

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By Eric Elezuo

The Koumagnon Family and Allied Families of Seme-Kpodji, of the Republic of Benin, led by Monsieur Alberto Koumagnon, has declared their unflinching support for the candidacy of Romuald Wadagni as he steps out on Sunday to vie for the presidential seat of the Republic of Benin.

In statement of declaration, the families observed that Wadagni is propelled by a ‘vision embodied in this ambitious, realistic project, resolutely focused on the future of our country’.

The declaration is presented in full:

DECLARATION OF SUPPORT BY THE GREAT KOUMAGNON FAMILY AND ALLIED FAMILIES OF SÈMÈ-KPODJI FOR CANDIDATE ROMUALD WADAGNI

The great KOUMAGNON family and allied3 families of Sèmè-Kpodji, deeply committed to the values of peace, progress, and development, followed with particular interest the presentation, on Saturday, March 21, 2026, of the “Further Together” (Plus loin ensemble) social project by our dear candidate, President Romuald WADAGNI.

Following this important political event, and gathering on this day, 04/04/2026, we wish to express our full support for the vision embodied in this ambitious, realistic project, resolutely focused on the future of our country.

From the outset, we, descendants of the KOUMAGNON family and allied families, commend the enlightened leadership of President Patrice TALON who, faithful to his commitment to building a modern and prosperous Benin, has been able to propose to the presidential majority a competent, credible candidate who brings hope for consolidating achievements.

In this dynamic of continuity and progress, the candidacy of President Romuald WADAGNI is fully in line with the continuation of the structural reforms undertaken over several years in all sectors, particularly in infrastructure.

In this regard, we recognize and commend the many achievements of the government, especially road infrastructure, which has significantly improved mobility and living conditions for the populations of the communes of Sèmè-Kpodji and surrounding areas.

Moreover, these remarkable efforts reflect a constant determination to connect localities, stimulate economic exchanges, and sustainably strengthen the attractiveness of our territories.

Building on these achievements and firmly oriented toward the future, we are convinced of the relevance of the “Further Together” project.

Therefore, the great KOUMAGNON family and allied families of Sèmè-Kpodji give their firm, committed, and unconditional support to candidate Romuald WADAGNI, as well as to his running mate, Mrs. Mariam Chabi Talata Zimé Yérima.

In the same spirit, we call on all daughters and sons of Sèmè-Kpodji, as well as all citizens committed to peace and development in our country, Benin, to mobilize massively in support of this hopeful momentum by turning out in large numbers on April 12.

We also wish to assure our dear candidate of our commitment to mobilize widely to ensure a high voter turnout in the commune of Sèmè-Kpodji.

Together, let us continue the efforts undertaken.

Together, let us consolidate our achievements.

Together, let us go further.

Long live Benin on its path toward progress!

Long live the WADAGNI–TALATA ticket!
Thank you.

Done at Sèmè-Kpodji, on 04/04/2026

The great KOUMAGNON family and allied families

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