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Opinion: Amaechi’s Giant Strides and Revolution in the Rail Sector of Nigeria

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By Eze Chukwuemeka Eze
PREAMBLE
Rt. Hon. Dr. Chibuike Rotimi Amaechi a humanist, administrator par excellence, a visionary and egalitarian personality, radical, a pragmatist, an exemplary and respected leader; an alumnus of the University of Port Harcourt in Rivers State. Two time Rivers State Speaker of the State House of Assembly (Eight years) from 1999-2007; Chairman, Conference of speakers of State Houses of Assembly in Nigeria (1999 – 2000), Governor of Rivers State (Eight years 2007 – 2015), two time Chairman of the Governors’ Forum in Nigeria from 2011 to 2015. The first and only African to head a Presidential Campaign Organization on two occasions and on both occasions, won and saw to the unseating of a sitting President (Dr. Jonathan Goodluck of PDP in 2015) and the re-election of a sitting President (President Muhammadu Buhari in 2019).
Amaechi is the only Nigerian to have occupied the office of Minster of Transportation of the Federal Republic of Nigeria for two terms and winner of several awards including the Commander of the Order of the Niger, CON.
These feats alone put him ahead of his time.
One thing commonly associated with this man is that, he redefines any office he occupies and makes a mark that will be very hard to be rivaled or equaled by any other occupant of such an office in future. Explaining this attribute of Amaechi in excelling in any venture or office he occupies better, a close associate of his, Dr Dakuku Peterside, the Director-General, Nigerian Maritime Administration and Safety Agency (NIMASA) explained, “Amaechi is a reform-minded and visionary leader who approaches his work with the highest degree of passion and commitment and always, brings his wealth of experience to bear and create indelible marks in every national assignment as he has done in all the offices he has held’’.
Examining this truism retrospectively, the fact remains that what Amaechi achieved as the Governor of Rivers State within eight years; both in areas of Education, Health, Agriculture, Security, employment and general infrastructural development will take another administration, about twenty years to replicate such feats again in Rivers State.
Throwing more light on this truism about Amaechi, an elder statesman and one of the most respected elders from Rivers State, Chief (Dr)  Patrick Dele Cole, described Amaechi’s feats thus; “Be that as it may, I will not forget to appreciate the leadership of Hon Chibuike Rotimi Amaechi while he was the Governor of Rivers State.  He is the only Governor that led with the interest of Rivers people.  He was the only Governor that made significant employment, the highest in history; one that can only be compared to the Diete Spiff and Okilo era. So, when you say we owe him gratitude, I reaffirm that we indeed owe him gratitude for being a character that is people oriented. Paving way for the employment of 13,000 persons, can only come with that price of servant leadership…”
Throwing more light on what Amaechi achieved in the past, Mr. Bekee Anyalwechi a respected Media guru from Rivers State stated, “Amaechi! They claim you hate Rivers State, but did not say that you devoted 8 years as governor, working for her development. They say you promote killings but will not say that you formed the Ci4 security architecture that kept the state safer, installed surveillance gadgets that spied on small arms proliferation, reducing it to near-zero influx. Their propaganda is that you levied war against the state prior to the 2019 general elections; that you annexed the state of your birth with soldiers to kill your own people. Yet, they refuse to declare that their militias killed that Army Lieutenant in Abonnema, two others at Obonoma Junction on election eve and wrecked havoc across the state. They allege that you left Rivers State tattered and ravaged with no single project to show for your 8-year tenure as Governor, but fail to say that since after Commodore Alfred Diette-Spiff, no other Governor,  including the incumbent, had ever embarked on ambitious development of Rivers’ state infrastructure, much as you did. They fail to acknowledge that you employed about 13,200 classroom teachers; the most ambitious and record-setting employment exercise ever by a state government since Sir Lord Lugard formed Nigeria in 1914. They use all the superb structures you built in the state for their private and public functions, yet deny you built any. They say your people hate you, a fallacy in itself, yet deny that you remain popular beyond Rivers State…”.
These great opinion leaders’ stands on Amaechi cannot be faulted no matter the political leaning or school of thought one may come from.
THE AIM OF THIS TREATISE:
The aim of this treatise is to expose to the world, not necessarily about the great feats recorded by this enigma in the past but, what he has achieved within less than five years as the Minister of the Federal Ministry of Transportation of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. I am prompted to embark upon this treatise of exposing to the world what this great leader of our time has done and is doing to revive the economy of Nigeria through providing a world class rail system in Nigeria after I received this text from Prince Emmanuel Onotevure, an international Blogger and Publisher, pleading with me to intervene to avoid the positive revolution Amaechi is igniting not to go unnoticed. The words of Prince Onotevure: “Chief Eze, I salute you. Dr. Chibuike Rotimi Amaechi (CRA), in my opinion, is working assiduously to improve the rail sector across the country. However, not many know the extent to which he has gone to deliver. In this regard and, knowing that you are one of the few Nigerians that can, within a short period, write a thesis on any issue pertaining to Amaechi, can I suggest that you draw up narratives that will further help to enlighten Nigerians, of the tremendous developmental strides and achievements of CRA in the transport sector with special focus on rail transportation?”
After given a lot of thought to this plea which has general acceptance by many Nigerians, I decided to present to you, this treatise aimed at exposing to the world, the effort of one man whose patriotic love towards building a new Nigeria in particular, is infectious and, the magic and revolution he has ignited in the rail sector of Nigeria.
THE GENESIS OF THE TRANSPORATION SYSYEM IN NIGERIA AND VISION OF AMAECHI
The Nigerian Railway Corporation traces its history to the year 1898, when the first railroad in Nigeria was constructed by the British government for mainly economic purposes; the movement of commodities and equipments was adequately achieved through this means. In 1988 NRC was declared bankruptcy, and all rail traffic stopped for a long time, ever since the rail system became sick and latter abandoned.
But serious step to reposition the transportation system took place about 62 years ago when Raymond Njoku was appointed as the first Minster of Transportation in 1957 till 1959 with Zanna Bukar Dipcharima appointed in 1960 and other subsequent Ministers till date the commitment and the vision that Chibuike Rotimi Amaechi has brought to bear to revolutionize the Transportation sector in Nigeria has never been witnessed. Today, Nigerians from all over the sections of Nigeria for once agreed in unity that Amaechi is a man whose commitment and whose dexterity to his duties is unequal and stands out as the best Minster among his colleagues in the first tenure of President Muhammadu Buhari.
RAILWAY BEFORE AMAECHI AND WHAT THE ADMINISTRATION OF DR JONATHAN ACHIEVED
A cardinal objective of the Ministry of Transportation is to provide a safe, affordable and efficient transport system and also manage and operate railway infrastructure in a way that will meet the economic aims of government, boost trade and contribute to the growth of the country.
Since it was established, the Ministry of Transport has struggled to meet these obligations particularly in the railway subsector which is about the movement of goods and services as well as people from one part of the country to another in a most acceptable manner.
After the colonial era, the federal government through the ministry of transportation provided an efficient rail system that did not only serve the interest of Nigerians but was also a major source of revenue for government until 1984 when the railway system became comatose due to government inability to manage the system.
Before the coming of Rt. Hon. Chibuike Rotimi Amaechi in 2015 as a Minister of Transportation the Railway system in Nigeria was in a comatose state. Disclosing the state of the Railway system he inherited, Amaechi stated “I met a narrow gauge of a dismal operational capacity speed of about thirty to fourty kilometers per hour with a serious shortage of rolling stocks and dilapidated railway tracks with the entire system bedeviled by wired maintenance. The last Administration of President Goodluck Jonathan awarded contracts for the rehabilitation of the narrow gauge railway but none of the contracts were fully executed as claimed. Jobs were carried out in some sections of the awarded portions without completion, others were poorly executed or out rightly abandoned despite the huge amount of cash expended on the projects by the past government” .
On the Abuja-Kaduna rail modernization project, the Minister opined that although, the Jonathan’s Administration had commenced construction work of the project with about seventy percent completion; the Administration of President Muhammadu Buhari took over the project and completed it.
He said to get commercial operations to commence on the Abuja-Kaduna rail route, government therefore responded to the yearnings of Nigerians by procuring some locomotives and passengers’ coaches to achieve President Muhammadu Buhari Administration’s mandate of a safe and effective transport system for Nigerians.
“The government of former President Goodluck Jonathan had awarded some contracts to rehabilitate the narrow gauge. They claimed that the contracts were implemented but they were not visible because by the time we took over, narrow gauge was about eighty kilometers per hour but the actual capacities of those tracks were seventy kilometers per hour. The Administration of Good- Luck Jonathan had commenced construction work on the Abuja-Kaduna railway and if measured it will be between eighty percent completion. So, what we did was to add twenty percent construction work to complete the entire project. And to commence commercial activities on the track, we had to order for rolling stocks”
AMAECHI AND HIS VISION FOR THE RAIL SYSTEM IN NIGERIA
One can proudly stated that Amaechi has been one of the defining success beacons of the Buhari administration. He has not only introduced transparency into the ministry’s activities, he has been one of the few restless cabinet members with visible landmark projects. His passion for railway development has made him to embark on risky shuttles to see most projects through.
His plans for railway modernization in Nigeria could be classified into three namely completed, ongoing and upcoming projects.
1.      COMPLETED:
The completed Standard Gauge Railway Projects are the Abuja (Idu) to Kaduna and Segment 1 of Lagos to Kano standard gauge railway modernization project). The total length of the Abuja to Kaduna is 186.50KM.
2.      THE ONGOING PROJECTS:
The Ongoing Standard Gauge Railway Projects include the 156.5kilometre Lagos to Ibadan Double Track Standard Gauge Railway project with extension to Apapa Port Complex (Segment 1 of Lagos to Kano Standard Gauge Railway Modernization Project). The Lagos-Ibadan Standard Gauge Railway Project and Lagos-Calabar is ongoing.
According to Amaechi,”We started the implementation of the Lagos-Kano railway and commenced the construction of Ebute-Metta to Ibadan railway by change the entire policy. Those who designed the rail tracks designed it only for passenger purposes because none of these initial designs terminate at the seaports so, it was President Muhammadu Buhari that directed that all rail line must be connected to the seaport. We had to take the Lagos-Calabar rail to go through the seaports in Warri, Calabar and the one in Port Harcourt and Onne. And then the Lagos-Kano rail had to end up at the Apapa Seaport”.
Amaechi further disclosed that plans are under way to also construct a new seaport in the Bonny Island of Rivers State.
3.      FUTURE EFFORTS TO REVOLUTIONISE THE RAILWAY SYSTEM:
The prioritized upcoming railway projects include Lagos to Calabar Coastal Railway Line with branch line from Benin City to Onitsha (1431.5Km); Kano to Dayi to Kastina to Maradi (354km), and Railway Industrial Park in Port Harcourt D. Port Harcourt to Maiduguri Standard Gauge Railway Line (2,058.838Km).
The main features for the Port Harcourt- Maiduguri  are -Port Harcourt – Enugu -Akwanga – Gombe – Maiduguri (1305.638Km), Bonny -Port Harcourt (67.0Km); Port Harcourt to Owerri to Awka to Enugu (266.0Km); Enugu to Abakaliki (61.4Km); Akwanga to Abuja (142.0Km); Gombe to Yola and Gombe to Jalingo (216.8Km).
The government explained that the reasons for prioritizing the Coastal, Port Harcourt to Maiduguri and Kano to Maradi Rail Line was because the proposed three rail lines are amongst the key railway corridors in the 25 Year Strategic Vision Plan of the Nigerian Railway development.
The proposed railway project when completed will connect 11 states – Lagos, Ogun, Ondo, Edo, Anambra, Delta, Bayelsa, Rivers, Abia, Akwa Ibom, and Cross River) in the southern region of the country from western flank to eastern flank of Nigeria.
It will also connect 17 states which include: Rivers, Abia, Enugu, Benue, Nassarawa, Kaduna, Plateau, Bauchi, Gombe, Yobe and Borno from the Southern to the Northern hemisphere of eastern flank of Nigeria. The branch lines will connect all the nearby states to the main line and traverse the following states: Imo, Anambra, Ebonyi, Adamawa, Taraba and FCT, Abuja while it will also connect the Kano to Jibiya in Maradi (another commercial hub of Niger Republic).
To reduce the hardship of travelers who use the train service from Kaduna to Abuja, the minister ordered that two additional coaches be deployed to the corridor from Warri-Itakpe route. In addition to this, the minister during his recent visit to China hinted that the country took delivery of 10 coaches by June. Under his watch also, the Kaduna Inland Dry Port has commenced the cargo delivery service from the port to Lagos.
Concluding this segment let me bring in Okey Amadi a young politician from Rivers State to help me out. According to him, “Hechi, like I fondly call you is a development accolade, you have proved and is still proving to all including your detractors that focus, courage and vision for great Nigeria is achievable, your connectivity of the Nigerian States through railways, the marine industrial revolution, the face lift of major airports and the Nigeria Ports Authority shows that you are a development expert with the burning desire to take Nigeria to the next level, you are what Nigeria needs now, thank you Mr Connect9ja,thank you Hechi”
THE BENEFITS OF THE RAILWAY REVOLUTION:.
Amaechi however lamented the politicization of Railway projects by politicians in the Country, saying that the basic purpose of Railway project in any Country is for economic purposes.
Hear him, “Nigerians believe that we should be able to finish the rail projects today, but you see, the money is just not there, and they are politicising the railway. Railway is not built for political purposes, they are built purely for economic reasons and it doesn’t have the capacity to pay back whoever that invests in it. That is why government is the only institution that constructs rail. It is capital intensive and the turnover is not as rapid as what any businessman would want it to be”, he stressed.
The importance of railway infrastructure to economic development cannot be overemphasized. It is considered an essential feature of all modern economies. Railway has an important role in increasing production, reducing travel times, most especially for cargoes, increasing employment and accessibility.
The Nigerian Government has to do everything within her power to make our rail system work again. As the Giant of Africa we have serious economic activities going on in the country, moving goods and services from one point to another, this has put so much pressure on our roads, resulting to bad roads. If the amount of pressure on the Nigerian roads is been mounted on the American roads, their roads will be dilapidated within a short time.
                 ADVANTAGES
* Helps internal trade, by connecting various areas of the country railway will make internal trade convenient. They carry goods and passengers to various places easily.
* Railway commercialises agriculture, farmers will no longer produce for self consumption only, but also for sale in the market.
* Railway will increase the size of markets; bulky goods can easily be transported by railway.
* The connectivity of railways, to various tourist spots gives encouragements to tourism.
SETTING FRESH TARGETS FOR THE MINISTER
“In this regard, let me urge you to as a matter of urgency to give life to the following six key projects, which if implemented to the letter will mark you as the hero of this dispensation. These are projects already sanctioned and approved for execution by the Federal Executive Council during the last cabinet of President Buhari:
(1). The Kano-Katsina-Jibiya to Maradi in Niger Republic.
(2). The new standard gauge rail from Port Harcourt to Maiduguri passing through Enugu, Lafia, Makurdi, Gombe, with branches to Owerri, Onitsha, Awka, Abakaliki, Yola, Jalingo and Damaturu.
(3). The rest are extension of the Itapke-Aladja (Warri) to Abuja and Warri Port.
(4). The Development of Railway Industrial Park in Port Harcourt.
(5). And a Proposal for Railway connection to Bonny Island Deep Sea port from Port Harcourt.
(6). Revival the Calabar, Port Harcourt, Onne, Abonema, Onitsha and Warri Ports.
(7). The forwarded Bills of National Transport Commission and Nigerian Railway Corporation to the National Assembly to enhance regulation and further opening opportunities for private sector investment into critical transport infrastructure must be followed up accordingly.
POSTIVE COMMENTS ON AMAECHI AND HIS FEATS:
           1. DR DAKUKU PETERSIDE
According to Dr Dakuku Peterside, the Director-General, Nigerian Maritime Administration and Safety Agency (NIMASA), “Amaechi is noted for his hard work, commitment, and doggedness to the success of President Muhamnadu Buhari’s administration. Specifically, his inputs and achievements in the railway, maritime reforms and port sector cannot be rivalled. He has proved his mettle as an administrator of men, materials, and resources which led to his re-nomination by the president as a vote of confidence and honour. Under Amaechi’s watch, Nigeria witnessed tremendous leaps in the reforms carried out in NIMASA, Nigerian Ports Authority other maritime agencies and railway sectors, which have produced outstanding results to the benefit of Nigerians. Amaechi is a reform-minded and visionary leader who approaches his work with the highest degree of passion and commitment and always bring his wealth of experience to bear and create indelible marks in every national assignment as he has done in all the offices he has held,’’
2. SPECIAL RECOGNITION BY UNIVERSITY OF PORT HARCOURT
The Management, Staff and Students of the University of Port Harcourt have commended the former Governor of Rivers State and Minister of Transportation, Chibuike Rotimi Amaechi for his  contributions to nation building. The school also thanked the Minister for his donations and the impact made during his tenure as Governor of the State.
Acting Vice Chancellor of Uniport, Prof.Hakeem Fawhemi, while welcoming Amaechi to the University stated that his contributions to the school were remarkable. “For us this is another home coming because we know the formidable role you played as a student and as a Speaker of the Rivers State House of Assembly and then later as the Governor of Rivers State. Your name must be mentioned towards the growth and development of this University. We are happy to have you as our guest and a formidable Alumnus, one of the major benefactors of the University. The University community is indeed elated to have you in our midst. We are proud that you have a deep sense of commitment to the University of Port Harcourt. It’s common knowledge that you have made so many donations to the University of Port Harcourt, and we are still tapping from your milk of kindness. We are aware that the English House, the faculty building and many others were donated by you,”.
3.      DR SOKONTE DAVIES
Another trusted associate of Amaechi is DR SOKONTE DAVIES and to him, “It is a fact undeniable that Amaechi’s unprecedented developmental strides which have benefited countless people stem from your political prowess and innate passion for humanity. Your resoluteness and sagacity against all odds, your towering bravery and political heroism, only attest to God’s Abundant grace upon your life”.
4.      CHIEF DUMO LULU –BRIGGS
Chief Dumo Lulu-Briggs noted for his astounding philanthropic gestures and to him Amaechi, “There are still people in politics who are inspired by honest convictions and not by private gains or the consolidation of personal Political power. There are politicians who still stand their grounds against the undercurrents associated with the political realities of the time.  Those who maintained a moral position and stood against the political status quo. One of such persons is Chibuike Rotimi Amaechi. Amaechi is a man whose political life is synonymous with challenges, trials and betrayals. Whose story is plaqued with instances of hard times and blistering experience.  He took all the risks, not for self-advancement but the good of society – Rivers State and Nigeria.”
5.      SENATOR ANDREW UCHENDU
Senator Uchendu is more like a father figure in the current political dispensation in Rivers State and his words means a lot to all those who has ears. Listen to his stand on the Lion of Niger Delta Politics, “Now and in the future, we must do everything possible to protect the person called Rt. Hon. Chibuike Rotimi Amaechi, because in him, we have our own Azikiwe; in him, we have our own Awolowo; in him, we have our own Sardauna of Sokoto; and in him, we have our own Aminu Kano.”
CONCLUSION
As Minister of Transportation, Amaechi’s first major feat was demonstrating his sagacity and prudence in management of public finance by saving a whopping N134.4 billion for the nation (using N168 to $1 as it was in 2014, when the contract was first signed), by negotiating downwards the planned 1,402km coastal rail-line project already approved by the administration of Dr Jonathan at a huge cost.
Amaechi has not only revolutionised but turned around the fortunes of the Railway system in Nigeria to the extent  that today Nigerians in unity have named him ‘MR. RAILWAY’
I am proud to state that Amaechi is a resourceful leader, an enigma, a dogged fighter, a political enigma, a change agent, people’s defender, transformer, catalyst, trail-blazer, a phenomenon of our time, whose word you can take to the bank. A trusted friend, an ally, a man who stands by his friends and confidants both in good, difficult and challenging times.
If Nigeria actually wants to move forward then Amaechi is the key.
Let me conclude this treatise by exposing how transparent Amaechi can go in handling public office when he sent out this text to the public, “What strategies do you think we can implement to deliver on our projects better and faster from the Railways to Maritime, Ports, Transportation Institutes and others. We are open to suggestions to enable us serve you better. Kindly send your opinions to this email – ‘chibuikeamaechi377@gmail.com‘ and we will be glad to read and act on your suggestions accordingly”
God bless you for your time.
EZE CHUKWUEMEKA EZE is a Media Consultant based in Port Harcourt and can be reached through ezemediaconcept2020@gmail.com, 08022049770

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Opinion

Where’s the Nigeria’s Oil Metering Fund?

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By Boma Lilian Braide Esq

A single administrative letter dated 7 July 2023, issued from the Office of the Chief of Staff to the President, has triggered what may become one of the most consequential transparency battles in Nigeria’s recent public finance history. At its centre is a simple but troubling question; Can executive memo lawfully override an Act of the National Assembly and quietly redirect billions of naira in statutory oil revenue?

The letter took the NUPRC 4% Cost of Collection fund, the legal lifeline that keeps Nigeria’s upstream petroleum regulator financially independent under the Petroleum Industry Act (PIA), and split it in two. It left 2.5% for the regulator’s routine operations and ring fenced 1.5%, more than a third of the entire fund, for an unspecified project to upgrade crude oil and gas metering and transparency systems.

The episode fits an uncomfortably familiar pattern in Nigeria’s oil economy. From the subsidy scandals of the past decade to recurring disputes over unremitted NNPC earnings, the country has repeatedly discovered that the gap between statutory rules and administrative practice is where public wealth tends to disappear. The Treasury Single Account was introduced precisely to close that gap, consolidating government revenue under one transparent umbrella and ending the era of scattered, unmonitored accounts. If a presidential memo can still carve out fractional, semi visible allocations from a statutory fund without legislative oversight, then the safeguard the Treasury Single Account was designed to provide is only as strong as the discretion of whoever occupies the Villa at a given time.

The figures involved are not trivial. In 2022, the 4% fund totalled ₦98 billion, putting the 1.5% carve out at ₦36.75 billion. After the 2023 currency reforms, the fund rose to ₦114.838 billion, yielding ₦43.064 billion for the project. By 2024 it had climbed further still, to ₦279.692 billion, of which the earmarked share came to ₦104.884 billion. Across 2023 and 2024 alone, the directive is said to have diverted roughly ₦147.948 billion away from the regulator’s core mandate.

What happened next is where the story turns from an administrative curiosity into a governance scandal. According to records cited by the PENGASSAN oil workers’ union, which has staged field protests over the matter, about ₦98.632 billion of that ring fenced sum, one percentage point of the fund, was quietly moved to a separate downstream agency, the NMDPRA. That leaves a further 0.5%, worth ₦49.316 billion, whose destination remains unaccounted for. Public money cannot simply disappear into unmapped accounts outside the federal budget, and the absence of any clear paper trail is itself a serious governance failure.

In my recent conversations with Rt. Hon. Mark Terseer Gbillah, the former federal lawmaker who has led the push to uncover the facts, frames the matter as a question of constitutional order rather than mere bureaucratic overreach. Section 80 of the 1999 Constitution vests exclusive control over public funds in the National Assembly. Sections 12(d), 22 and 24(1) of the PIA reinforce that principle by making clear that silence in the law on how to apportion a fund is not an invitation for the executive to invent new sub accounts. When an internal memo is used to redistribute statutory oil revenue without parliamentary sanction, it does more than bend administrative procedure; it signals to investors that Nigeria’s public finances can be reshaped at the stroke of a pen rather than through settled institutional rules. That perception carries real costs, including the kind of unpredictability that unsettles capital markets and, closer to home, the labour unrest already visible in PENGASSAN’s protests over threats to workers’ welfare.

There is a second, more technical problem with the directive. The 1.5% allocation was meant to fund metering and transparency infrastructure, yet Section 7(L) and the Seventh Schedule of the PIA are explicit that NUPRC’s role in this area is limited to supervision, calibration and certification. The law places the financial burden of acquiring and installing measurement equipment squarely on the oil licensees and lessees themselves. Directing public regulatory fees to cover what is, in effect, a private capital cost looks less like prudent fiscal management and more like an unlawful subsidy to industry operators, funded by the public purse.

That raises a further set of unanswered questions. Why was such a substantial, recurring stream of national revenue committed to a single project without public tender notices, an evaluation report or any visible justification? Where, geographically and physically, has this multi billion naira metering upgrade actually been carried out? Who are the contractors, and through what process were they selected? Under Sections 16, 18 and 20 of the Public Procurement Act 2007, lawful procurement can only follow an approved budget and legislative sanction; no amount of subsequent paperwork can retroactively legalise a spending decision that had no lawful foundation to begin with.

Rather than pursue the matter through public commentary alone, Gbillah and his legal team at Chronos Legal & Co. have taken a more systematic route, filing simultaneous Freedom of Information requests with eleven federal institutions, from the Accountant General’s office to the Bureau of Public Procurement and the National Assembly’s budget committees.
The requests sought hard evidence: GIFMIS transaction logs, Treasury Single Account sub account records and budget transcripts, the kind of documentation that would allow independent verification of what actually happened to the money.

Ten of the eleven institutions allowed the statutory seven day response window to lapse without comment. Their silence speaks for itself. In a democracy governed by the rule of law, public institutions holding public money have a basic obligation to account for it when lawfully asked; refusing to respond is itself a form of admission that something requires concealment.

The one institution that did reply, the Central Bank of Nigeria, offered a response that raises as many questions as it answers. The CBN argued that because the request sought certified true copies of account records, it fell under the Evidence Act rather than the Freedom of Information Act, and therefore could not be processed. This is a distinction without a meaningful difference. The Freedom of Information Act of 2011 grants Nigerians a clear statutory right to inspect and copy public financial records; the Evidence Act simply governs how documents are authenticated for use in court proceedings. Treating the latter as a shield against the former is, at best, an overly technical reading of the law, and Gbillah’s lawyers are preparing a formal rebuttal.

A 72 hour ultimatum has now been issued to the eleven institutions. Should they continue to withhold the requested records, the legal team intends to approach the Federal High Court for an Order of Mandamus compelling disclosure. The case is being framed as the opening move in a broader push for fiscal transparency, backed by a growing coalition of retired public officials, professionals and former legislators who argue that Nigeria’s institutions have grown too comfortable operating behind closed doors.

If the restructuring of this fund and the subsequent transfers were carried out lawfully, the simplest and most persuasive response available to government would be full disclosure. Publishing the relevant memos, transaction records and procurement files would settle the matter within days. Instead, the pattern of silence and technical evasion on display so far only deepens public suspicion that something in Nigeria’s oil revenue architecture does not withstand scrutiny.

Nigeria’s Constitution places the power over public funds firmly with elected representatives for good reason: it is one of the few checks that prevents the executive from treating state revenue as a matter of internal correspondence. When that principle is quietly set aside through an administrative letter, the damage extends well beyond the naira figures involved. It erodes the basic assumption, on which both citizens and investors depend, that public money in Nigeria moves according to law rather than according to who holds the pen.

This is also a test of institutional character. Agencies such as the Bureau of Public Procurement, the Budget Office and the National Assembly’s own oversight committees exist to prevent exactly this kind of unilateral reallocation. Their collective silence in the face of a lawful information request suggests either that the required documentation does not exist in a form that can withstand scrutiny, or that no single institution wishes to be first to explain a decision it did not make. Neither possibility reflects well on the state of Nigeria’s public finance architecture, and both underline why external legal pressure, rather than internal goodwill, has become the primary route to accountability.

Whether this case ends in full disclosure or in further stonewalling, it has already demonstrated why the demand for a public trail on public money is not a partisan grievance but a constitutional one.

Nigerians have watched oil wealth vanish into administrative fog before, and each unexplained diversion, however small the percentage, adds to a deficit of trust that no growth statistic can repair. The coalition pressing this case deserves to be taken seriously, not because of who its members are, but because the questions they are asking, about a memo, a fund and billions of naira in missing accountability, are questions every Nigerian taxpayer has a right to see answered.

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Opinion

Why GLO is the Gold Standard

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By Dr. Sani Sa’idu Baba

In every generation, there are brands that merely compete, and there are brands that redefine the standards by which others are measured. In Nigeria’s highly competitive telecommunications industry, Globacom has steadily carved a reputation that places it in the latter category. It is not merely another network provider; it has become a benchmark of indigenous innovation, resilience, affordability, and national pride. For millions of Nigerians, Glo has evolved into more than a telecommunications company, it is the gold standard.

The true measure of excellence is not simply how long a company survives, but how consistently it delivers value despite changing times and increasing competition. From inception, Globacom has remained committed to a people-first philosophy, ensuring that quality communication is affordable and accessible to every Nigerian. Guided by the visionary leadership of Dr. Mike Adenuga, GCON, Glo has consistently introduced products and services that make life easier for students, entrepreneurs, traders, professionals, families, and millions of everyday subscribers. In an economy where affordability matters, Glo continues to prove that staying connected should never be a luxury.

The hallmark of any gold standard is innovation, and innovation has remained the heartbeat of Glo. The company has pioneered several industry-first initiatives that reshaped Nigeria’s telecommunications landscape, compelling competitors to raise their standards. Its landmark investment in the Glo-1 submarine cable transformed internet connectivity, expanded bandwidth, strengthened network capacity, and contributed immensely to Nigeria’s digital economy. Today, with one of the country’s most extensive network infrastructures, Glo continues to bridge the digital divide by connecting both urban and rural communities to limitless opportunities.

Perhaps what distinguishes Glo most is its unmistakable Nigerian identity. It stands as one of Africa’s most successful indigenous telecommunications companies, a powerful reminder that world-class excellence can indeed be homegrown. Every milestone achieved by Glo reinforces the belief that Nigerian enterprises can compete successfully on both continental and global stages. It inspires confidence in local entrepreneurship and proves that visionary leadership, strategic investment, and unwavering commitment can produce institutions of international relevance.

Beyond providing telecommunications services, Glo has become a major contributor to Nigeria’s economic and social development. Its operations support thousands of direct and indirect jobs, empower businesses through reliable connectivity, and enable education, healthcare, research, entertainment, and digital entrepreneurship to thrive. Through sponsorship of major cultural festivals such as Ojude Oba, Eyo and Ofala, alongside investments in sports, music, and youth empowerment, Glo has demonstrated that nation-building extends beyond technology. It is a company that celebrates Nigeria’s heritage while investing in its future.

What truly sets Glo apart, however, is its humanity. Through customer appreciation initiatives, subscriber reward programmes, and continuous investments in network improvement, the company has consistently shown that its relationship with customers goes beyond business. It listens, adapts, and gives back, reinforcing the trust of millions of Nigerians who rely on its services every day.

Globacom’s journey mirrors the resilience, creativity, and optimism of Nigeria itself. It has shown that an indigenous company can compete with the very best while remaining deeply connected to the people it serves. Choosing Glo is therefore more than selecting a network; it is embracing a brand that believes in Nigeria, invests in Nigerians, and grows with Nigerians.

For millions of subscribers, Glo is more than a telecommunications company. It is a symbol of innovation, affordability, national pride, and endless possibilities. It is the people’s network, Nigeria’s pride, and without doubt, the gold standard.

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The Wars of Ego: Leadership As the Architect of Collective Possibilities

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By Tolulope A. Adegoke, PhD

“The ego builds monuments to its own memory.

Leadership, in its truest form, builds bridges to a future it will never cross.”

Introduction: The Invisible Battlefield

The most consequential wars of the twenty-first century are not fought with artillery, drones, or cyber-espionage. They are fought in boardrooms, parliamentary chambers, community halls, and the private sanctuaries of the human psyche. These are the Wars of Ego—a relentless, often silent conflict wherein personal validation, historical grievance, territorial defensiveness, and the desperate need for supremacy eclipse the pursuit of shared prosperity. This is not a metaphor; it is the operational reality that underpins the stagnation of corporations, the fracturing of nations, and the disempowerment of peoples.

Ego, in its classical psychological definition, is the mediator between the primal id and the moral superego. However, in the context of governance and organizational dynamics, ego metastasizes into a pathology of self-referentiality. It transforms decision-making from a collaborative exercise in problem-solving into a zero-sum gladiatorial contest. When ego becomes the sovereign of a leader’s soul, the organization—whether a family business, a multinational conglomerate, or a sovereign state—becomes a subsidiary of the leader’s personal narrative. The result is predictable: misallocation of resources, erosion of trust, systemic blindness, and a catastrophic decline in the capacity to deliver possibilities.

This treatise posits a bold, unyielding thesis: Leadership is the singular antidote to the Wars of Ego. But not leadership as it is commonly misunderstood—not charisma, not authority, not dominance. Rather, leadership as a technological and spiritual discipline of transcendence. It is the art of shifting the locus of control from the “I” to the “We,” from preservation to evolution, from validation to actualization. This document will dissect the anatomy of ego-driven conflict across three critical strata—Peoples, Corporates, and Nations—and prescribe a rigorous, multi-layered framework of solutions that are universally applicable, culturally agnostic, and operationally executable.

Part I: The Anatomy of the Ego-War – A Psychosocial Autopsy

To prescribe a cure, we must first understand the pathogen. The Wars of Ego are not random; they follow a predictable, cyclical pattern observable in every human collective.

1. The Narcissistic Cascade

Ego warfare begins with the leader’s internal dialogue. When a leader perceives their identity as synonymous with the institution, any critique of the institution becomes a critique of the self. This triggers a defensive cascade: denial, rationalization, projection, and ultimately, aggression. The leader ceases to listen to data, preferring instead to listen to echoes of their own voice. In a corporate setting, this manifests as the “founder’s trap”—where the founder refuses to cede control despite obvious market shifts. In a national context, it manifests as autocratic populism, where the leader’s personal vendettas are outsourced to the state apparatus.

2. The Tribalism of Proximity

Ego does not operate in isolation; it recruits allies. Leaders surrounded by sycophants—what we term the “courtier effect”—amplify their egoic biases. This creates a tribal echo chamber where competence is secondary to loyalty. The result is an institutional paralysis where the best ideas are sacrificed to protect the leader’s fragile self-esteem. This is the cancer that kills innovation in Fortune 500 companies and fuels sectarian violence in multi-ethnic nations.

3. The Temporal Myopia

Ego is inherently present-centric. It demands gratification now—quarterly earnings, immediate poll numbers, instant applause. This temporal myopia sacrifices long-term sustainability for short-term validation. Thus, corporations under ego-driven leaders gut R&D budgets to inflate stock prices; nations under ego-driven leaders deplete natural resources and erode democratic institutions for a fleeting legacy.

4. The Zero-Sum Fallacy

The most insidious weapon in the Wars of Ego is the belief that one person’s gain is another’s loss. This fallacy redefines collaboration as a threat. In corporations, it prevents cross-functional synergy; in geopolitics, it fuels trade wars and military posturing. The Ego sees the world as a finite pie; Leadership sees it as an expandable ecosystem.

Part II: The Cost of Ego-War – Quantifying the Destruction

The consequences are not philosophical; they are quantifiable.

·         For Peoples: Ego-driven leadership leads to the erasure of agency. Citizens become subjects, not stakeholders. Social mobility stagnates as policies are tailored to the leader’s vanity projects rather than to infrastructure, education, and healthcare. The result is a generation of disenfranchised youth who turn to extremism, apathy, or migration. The loss of human potential is incalculable—measured not in GDP, but in unfulfilled dreams and suppressed genius.

·         For Corporates: Ego kills agility. A 2023 study by the Corporate Governance Institute found that companies with high CEO-centricity (defined by excessive CEO pay ratios, board friendliness, and unilateral decision-making) underperformed their peer groups by 23% over a five-year horizon. More damningly, these companies suffer from a 40% higher turnover rate among mid-level talent, as high-performers refuse to remain in environments where merit is subordinated to the leader’s whims. Innovation pipelines dry up; market share erodes; and bankruptcy becomes a lingering possibility.

·         For Nations: The geopolitical cost is profound. Ego-driven diplomacy is characterized by “red lines” that are drawn not based on strategic interests, but on personal pride. This leads to miscalculations—the Cuban Missile Crisis was an ego-war; the invasion of Iraq was an ego-war; the current fragmentation of global supply chains is an ego-war. Nations lose soft power, economic leverage, and moral authority. The resultant instability creates refugee crises, food insecurity, and climate inaction, because the ego cannot conceive of a future beyond its own tenure.

 

Part III: The Leadership Solution – A Comprehensive Framework for Transcendence

The solution is not the elimination of ego—that is impossible and undesirable, as ego provides the drive to achieve. The solution is the redirection and subordination of ego to a higher purpose. This requires a paradigm shift from Leadership as Command to Leadership as Custodianship. Below is a multi-dimensional, action-oriented framework that cuts across all three strata.

Solution 1: The Protocol of Institutionalized Humility (For Corporates and Nations)

Humility is not weakness; it is strategic intelligence. We propose a Mandatory Peer-Review Protocol where every major decision (M&A, policy shift, strategic pivot) must be vetted by a council of internal and external stakeholders with veto power over process, if not content. This does not dilute authority; it validates it. The ego-leader feels threatened by scrutiny; the custodian-leader welcomes it because they know that their legacy is not in being right, but in being effective.

·         Corporate Application: Establish a “Shadow Board” of high-potential junior executives who critique strategic proposals from a future-state perspective. This creates a feedback loop that forces the CEO to justify decisions on merit, not instinct.

·         National Application: Mandate that all major legislative initiatives undergo a “Pre-Impact Assessment” by a bipartisan, independent economic and social council. This insulates policy from the whims of a single administration.

Solution 2: The Institutionalization of “Succession by Design” (For All Levels)

Ego-warriors fear successors because successors imply mortality. To dismantle this fear, leadership must be reframed as a temporary trust, not a permanent throne. We propose a “Triple-Exit Clause” for all leadership roles: (1) A fixed term limit, (2) A performance-triggered exit (if key metrics are missed for two consecutive periods), and (3) A “Graceful Exit” mechanism that rewards leaders for developing their replacement within 18 months of assuming office.

·         For Corporates: Link 30% of the CEO’s long-term compensation to the successful transition of their successor. This aligns the leader’s financial interest with the institution’s continuity.

·         For Nations: Enforce a constitutional requirement that no leader may serve beyond two terms, and that all cabinet ministers must actively mentor a junior counterpart. This forces the dissemination of power and knowledge, preventing the “cult of personality” that fuels ego-war.

Solution 3: The Decentralization of Decision Rights (For Peoples and Corporates)

Ego thrives on concentration. To starve the ego, we must disperse decision-making authority to the periphery—to the people closest to the ground. This is not democracy for its own sake; it is functional optimization.

·         For Corporates: Implement a “Radical Decentralization” model where departmental heads are granted full budgetary and hiring authority within a set of clear strategic guardrails. The role of the CEO shifts from “decider” to “connector”—facilitating resources and removing bottlenecks, rather than dictating outputs.

·         For Nations: Adopt a “Subsidiarity Principle” where all policies that can be executed at the municipal or provincial level are legally forbidden from being centralized. This forces national leaders to focus on macro-stability, diplomacy, and infrastructure, while local leaders manage education, health, and transport. This fragmentation of power prevents any single ego from monopolizing the national narrative.

Solution 4: The “Mirror-Feedback” System for Self-Awareness

The most dangerous ego is the one that does not know it exists. We propose a mandatory, third-party “Leadership Impact Audit” conducted every 18 months, using 360-degree anonymous feedback from subordinates, peers, external partners, and even competitors. This audit is not a performance review; it is a distortion check. It measures the leader’s emotional footprint—their propensity to interrupt, to dismiss dissenting views, to take credit, and to deflect blame. The results are shared with the leader’s board or oversight committee, with a mandated action plan for correction.

·         Corporate Example: Netflix’s famous “Keeper Test” is a form of this, but we extend it to include a “Friction Score”—a quantified measure of how much the leader’s presence creates decision-paralysis in meetings.

·         National Example: Establish an independent “Ombudsman for Leadership Ethics” that publishes an annual report on the humility index of the executive branch. This public accountability forces even the most narcissistic leaders to moderate their behavior for fear of reputational damage.

Solution 5: The Recalibration of Incentive Structures (The Economic Cure)

The Wars of Ego are sustained by perverse incentives. If we reward leaders for immediate stock spikes or short-term GDP growth, we are incentivizing ego-driven short-termism. We propose a paradigm shift toward Multi-Generational Incentivization.

·         For Corporates: Tie 50% of executive compensation to metrics that have a 10-year horizon: carbon reduction, employee retention, R&D patent filings, and community investment. This forces the leader to think like a steward, not a conqueror.

·         For Nations: Shift national budgeting from annual appropriations to Five-Year Rolling Budgets with locked-in allocations for health, education, and infrastructure. This removes the leader’s ability to use the budget as a tool for political patronage, thereby reducing the ego-driven urge to “reward loyalists” and “punish critics.”

Solution 6: The Cultivation of “Anti-Fragile” Cultures (For Peoples)

Ultimately, the most potent solution is cultural. A society or organization that rewards candor over compliance will naturally starve the ego. We propose a formalized “Safe Dissent” protocol.

·         Corporate: Create a “Devil’s Advocate Committee” tasked with formally opposing every major initiative. The committee is not to kill the idea, but to strengthen it by exposing its vulnerabilities. The CEO is required to respond in writing to all committee findings.

·         National: Enshrine a “Right to Constructive Disobedience” for civil servants—a protected legal channel for whistleblowers and contrarian analysts to present alternative data to the legislature without fear of retaliation. This creates a culture where the leader is constantly reminded that they are fallible, thereby forcing them to lean on collective intelligence.

 

Part IV: The Synthesis – Delivering Possibilities Across the Board

When these solutions are applied concurrently, they create a virtuous cycle. The Leader becomes a servant of the system, not its master. The result is an explosion of possibilities.

For Peoples:

The decentralization of power and the institutionalization of feedback mean that the average citizen is no longer a passive recipient of policy; they become a co-creator of their destiny. Education systems pivot from rote memorization to problem-solving. Healthcare systems become preventive, not reactive. The narrative shifts from “What can my leader do for me?” to “What can we achieve together?” The ego-war is replaced by a peace of collective agency. Unemployment drops, as local economies are empowered to innovate. Crime reduces, as community trust rebuilds. The “possibility” here is human flourishing—a condition where every individual, regardless of background, has a pathway to self-actualization.

For Corporates:

The shift to multi-generational incentives and decentralized decision-making unlocks a level of agility that is impossible under ego-centric rule. Innovation cycles shorten from years to months. The best talent is retained because high-performers crave environments where their voice matters. Collaboration across silos becomes the norm, not the exception. Mergers and acquisitions are driven by strategic fit, not by the CEO’s desire for a larger empire. Profitability becomes a byproduct of purpose, not a singular obsession. The “possibility” here is sustainable market leadership—a company that outlasts its founder, adapts to every disruption, and serves as a pillar of community prosperity.

For Nations:

The application of humility protocols and independent oversight transforms diplomacy from a theater of posturing into a practice of pragmatic problem-solving. Geopolitical rivals find common ground in climate action, trade harmonization, and pandemic preparedness, because leaders are freed from the need to “save face” and are instead incentivized to “save lives.” The nation becomes a beacon of soft power, attracting investment, talent, and global respect. The “possibility” here is strategic immortality—a nation that remains relevant and prosperous for centuries, not merely for the tenure of a single leader.

 

Part V: The Deeper Dive – Addressing the Uncomfortable Truths

To be comprehensive, we must address the cynics who argue that these solutions are utopian. They will say: “You cannot change human nature.” This is a fallacy. We do not seek to change human nature; we seek to channel it. The ego is like a river—it will flow. Our task is to build levees, canals, and turbines that convert its destructive energy into productive force.

The Challenge of Implementation:

The primary obstacle to these solutions is that they require ego-wielders to voluntarily reduce their own power. This is the “Theater of the Absurd”: the very people who need these reforms the most are the least likely to adopt them. Therefore, we must rely on external catalysts:

1.     Market Forces: Institutional investors must mandate ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) metrics that include leadership humility scores. When capital flows away from ego-centric companies, the market itself becomes the regulator.

2.     Civil Society: Grassroots movements must demand transparency, using digital platforms to track and publish real-time decision-making data. For example, a “Leader’s Decision Log” can be made public, showing exactly who influenced which policy.

3.     Intergenerational Contracts: Young employees and citizens must refuse to participate in ego-driven systems. The rise of the “Great Resignation” and the “Quiet Quitting” phenomenon are early indicators that the workforce is voting with its feet against narcissistic leadership. This is a powerful lever for change.

The Role of Technology:

Artificial Intelligence can be a neutral arbiter of ego. We propose an AI-driven “Bias Detection System” that analyzes meeting transcripts, decision memos, and budget allocations to flag patterns of personal favoritism, disproportionate credit-taking, and exclusionary language. This system acts as a silent, non-judgmental observer, providing data that the leader cannot refute. It removes the emotional charge from feedback, replacing it with cold, hard evidence. This is not surveillance; it is a mirror.

The Spiritual Dimension:

Finally, we must acknowledge the spiritual dimension. Leadership, at its highest echelon, is a form of karma yoga—selfless action. The leader must cultivate an internal practice of detachment: regular journaling, meditation, or executive coaching that focuses on the question: “If I were removed from this position tomorrow, what would remain?” If the answer is “nothing,” the leader is operating on ego. If the answer is “an enduring institution, a competent team, and a clear roadmap,” the leader is operating on vision. We recommend that every leader undergo an annual “Existential Audit” with a seasoned philosopher or spiritual counselor, to decouple their self-worth from their positional power.

 

Part VI: A New Lexicon for Leadership

To sustain this transformation, we must change our language. Words shape reality. We propose the adoption of a new vocabulary:

·         Replace “My Strategy” with “Our Shared Horizon.”

·         Replace “I Decided” with “We Converged.”

·         Replace “My Legacy” with “Our Inheritance.”

·         Replace “My Critics” with “Our Dialectical Partners.”

This linguistic shift is not cosmetic; it is neurocognitive. Repeated use of collectivist language rewires the brain’s default mode network, reducing the amygdala’s threat response to dissent and increasing the prefrontal cortex’s capacity for integrative thinking.

 

Part VII: The Ultimate Metric – The Possibility Index

We conclude with a proposal for a global standard: the Possibility Index (PI) . This is a composite metric that measures the aggregate potential of a people, a corporation, or a nation. It includes:

·         The Ratio of Idea Generation to Idea Suppression (measured by the number of proposals submitted vs. rejected with valid rationale).

·         The Trust Quotient (measured by employee/citizen engagement surveys and voluntary retention rates).

·         The Generational Handover Score (the percentage of institutional knowledge successfully transferred to the next cohort).

·         The Adaptability Velocity (the time taken to pivot strategy in response to external shocks).

When the PI rises, the Wars of Ego fall. This is not a utopian dream; it is a tangible, measurable reality. The data is clear: organizations with high PI consistently outperform their peers by every financial and social metric. The same applies to nations. The Nordic countries, Singapore, and New Zealand are not perfect, but their consistent investment in institutional humility, decentralized decision-making, and long-term incentivization places them at the pinnacle of global prosperity.

 

Conclusion: The Choice Before Us

The Wars of Ego are not inevitable. They are a choice—a collective choice to elevate the individual over the collective, the immediate over the enduring, and the self over the species. Leadership is the only force powerful enough to reverse this choice. But it requires a fundamental redefinition: Leadership is not the power to command; it is the courage to surrender—to surrender the need for credit, the need for control, and the need for validation.

When a leader steps back, the people step up. When the ego retreats, possibility advances. This is the central paradox of effective stewardship: The more a leader diminishes their own ego, the larger their impact becomes. They become a lens, not a source—focusing light, not emitting it. Through this lens, the challenges of the twenty-first century—climate change, inequality, geopolitical tension, technological disruption—become not existential threats, but engineering problems. They become solvable. They become opportunities.

The Peoples will no longer wait for a savior; they will become their own salvation. The Corporates will no longer chase quarterly glory; they will build century-spanning legacies. The Nations will no longer compete in a tragic zero-sum contest; they will collaborate in a magnificent win-win ecosystem.

This is the promise of Leadership. This is the end of the Wars of Ego. This is the beginning of a new epoch—not of kings, but of custodians; not of conquest, but of cultivation; not of ego, but of empathy. The door is open. The solutions are clear. The only question that remains is whether we—as individuals, as organizations, and as societies—have the wisdom to walk through it.

Let us choose wisely. Let us choose We. Let us choose Tomorrow. Let us choose Possibility.

Dr. Tolulope A. Adegoke, AMBP-UN is a globally recognized scholar-practitioner and thought leader at the nexus of security, governance, and strategic leadership. His mission is dedicated to advancing ethical governance, strategic human capital development, resilient nation building, and global peace. He can be reached via: tolulopeadegoke01@gmail.comglobalstageimpacts@gmail.com

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