By Eric Elezuo
Writers never die is one expression that aptly describes the immortality of the life and work of one of the world’s leading and prolific writers, teacher and profound nationalist, Chinua Achebe.
A dogged fighter, stubborn to his beliefs of an egalitarian society, and a deep adherence to culture and traditions of the African people, with special bias to his Igbo roots, Achebe lived his 83 years on earth, ensuring that no one, who lives near a river, washes his hands with spittle. His vocal and actionable condemnation of the wrongs of colonialism transcended to post colonial Nigeria, where he continued the advocacy for a just and free society, founded on equity and equality. He never reneged on his strong rebuke against corruption till he breathe his last on that fateful day in March, 2013, in Boston, Massachusetts, in the United States of America.
Perhaps, one could attribute the greatness of Chinua Achebe, as he was simply known, to quite a number of factors, most of which appears ornately abstract.
His ability to discern at an early stage his true calling, which was purely artistic and literary, prompting him to jettison an attractive opportunity to become a doctor. It is worth knowing that Achebe was admitted into the now University of Ibadan as pioneer students to study Medicine on a scholarship. However, his discovery of the way foreign authors, especially European authors described Africa, roused the nationalism in him, and prompted him to make a radical and risky change to the Humanities. The risk was enormous, but his stubborn adherence to his principles, ensured he never looked back. He lost the scholarship on that decision, and had to struggle through school though not without little support of the government as well as his brother. Looking back, his choice paid off handsomely.
Again, kudos should be given to the likes of Albert Schweitzer and Joseph Conrad, both of whom Achebe described as “a thoroughgoing racist, and Joyce Cary, who wrote Mr Johnson, for their contributions to greatness of Achebe, though unknowingly. It was Conrad’s book, Heart of Darkness, which gave Africa and Africans a completely negative description, that warranted a necessity to do a rejoinder. He decision to tell a better narrative to correct the lopsided impression of the black race led to his interest in Literature, and finally to writing and release of the world renowned epic, Things Fall Apart, in 1957.
The Igbo culture of Storytelling also impacted Achebe’s glory. The act was a mainstay of the Igbo tradition and an integral part of the community. Wikipedia wrote that Achebe’s mother and his sister, Zinobia, told him many stories as a child, which he repeatedly requested. It was here he got most of his storyline and sharpened his storytelling acumen.
We can also give kudos to the collages his father hung on the walls of their home, as well as almanacs and numerous books—including a prose adaptation of Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream (c. 1590) and an Igbo version of Bunyan’s The Pilgrim’s Progress (1678). They play parts in honing his writing interest, and most of them were later recreate in his novels and stories, especially ceremonies of Igbo origins.
Though the Things Fall Apart is not Achebe’s first in the analysis of his writings, it broke all protocol, re-addressed biased impression, and tends to release Africa from chain of a dark continent description. Achebe made his mark with his first outing as a writer thereby fulfilling a destiny, he drafted for himself. Since then, he never looked back, churning out classics after classics that remodeled world literature, at least from the perspective of the average African man. It was therefore, for love of action and tangibility that he opposed negritude, preferring tigritude in its stead. His argument, as he put on paper says “A tiger doesn’t proclaim its tigerness; it jumps on its prey.” He wanted African writers to show the stuff they are made of rather than verbalize it.
Principled and well brought up, Achebe on many occasions, rejected national honours, saying there was actually no reason to allow himself be honoured by a corrupt society.
Today, 11 years after his death and 67 years after the publication of the blockbuster Things Fall Apart, Achebe’s image continues to loom large, remain larger than life and covering the literary world like a colossus, as well as giving Africans the pride that they so much deserve.
THE MAN CHINUA ACHEBE
Born Albert Chinụalụmọgụ Achebe on November 16 1930, sharing same birthday date with Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe, Achebe lived his entire conquering the fields of literature in every ramification. He was a novelist, poet, and critic who is regarded as a central figure of modern African literature.
He hails from Ogidi, in Anambra State, and born to a teacher-evangelist father, Isaiah Okafo Achebe, while his mother, Janet Anaenechi Iloegbunam, was church leader, farmer and daughter of a blacksmith from Awka.
Achebe grew side by side with his five other siblings; four boys and a girl. They were Frank Okwuofu, John Chukwuemeka Ifeanyichukwu, Zinobia Uzoma, Augustine Ndubisi, and Grace Nwanneka.
Achebe’s childhood was greatly influenced by both Igbo traditional culture and postcolonial Christianity, both of which he allowed to exist side by side all through his life.
Records have it that he excelled while pursuing his academic career. It was while attending what is now the University of Ibadan, that his antenna of fierce criticiam of how Western literature depicted Africa, became sharpened.
Achebe’s educational pursuit started in 1936, when he entered St Philips’ Central School in the Akpakaogwe region of Ogidi for his primary education. He was later moved to a higher class when the school’s chaplain took note of his intelligence. He showcased his brilliance from the very beginning.
“One teacher described him as the student with the best handwriting and the best reading skills in his class.”
After primary education, Achebe moved to the prestigious Government College Umuahia, in present-day Abia State, for his secondary education. He combined his formal education pursuit with attendance of Sunday school every week and the special services held monthly.
Achebe later in 1942 enrolled in Nekede Central School, outside of Owerri, and was reported to be ‘particularly studious and passed the entrance examinations for two colleges.’
He moved to Lagos after graduation, and worked for the Nigerian Broadcasting Service (NBS), garnering international attention for his 1958 novel Things Fall Apart. In less than 10 years he would publish four further novels through the publisher Heinemann, with whom he began the Heinemann African Writers Series and galvanized the careers of African writers, such as Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o and Flora Nwapa.
His first novel, described widely as his magnum opus, Things Fall Apart (1958), occupies a pivotal place in African literature and remains the most widely studied, translated, and read African novel. Along with Things Fall Apart, his No Longer at Ease (1960) and Arrow of God (1964) complete the “African Trilogy”.
Later novels include A Man of the People (1966) and Anthills of the Savannah (1987). In the West, Achebe is often referred (or recognized as) to as the “father of African literature”, although in his humility, he had at various times, vigorously rejected the characterization.
Achebe’s interest in writing was natured when he sought to escape the colonial perspective that framed African literature at the time, and drew from the traditions of the Igbo people, Christian influences, and the clash of Western and African values to create a uniquely African voice. He wrote in and defended the use of English, describing it as a means to reach a broad audience, particularly readers of colonial nations.
When the region of Biafra broke away from Nigeria in 1967, Achebe supported Biafran independence and acted as ambassador for the people of the movement appealing to the people of Europe and the Americas for aid. Though he engaged in politics at the fall of Biafra in 1970, he quickly exited as he became disillusioned over the continuous corruption and elitism he witnessed.
He lived in the United States for several years in the 1970s, and returned to the US in 1990 after a car crash left him partially paralyzed. He stayed in the US in a nineteen-year tenure at Bard College as a professor of languages and literature.
Winning the 2007 Man Booker International Prize, from 2009 until his death he was Professor of African Studies at Brown University. Achebe’s work has been extensively analyzed and a vast body of scholarly work discussing it has arisen. In addition to his seminal novels,
Achebe’s oeuvre includes numerous short stories, poetry, essays and children’s books. A titled Igbo chief himself, his style relies heavily on the Igbo oral tradition, and combines straightforward narration with representations of folk stories, proverbs, and oratory. Among the many themes his works cover are culture and colonialism, masculinity and femininity, politics, and history. His legacy is celebrated annually at the Chinua Achebe Literary Festival.
Achebe’s debut as an author was in 1950 when he wrote a piece for the University Herald, the university’s magazine, entitled “Polar Undergraduate”. It used irony and humour to celebrate the intellectual vigour of his classmates. He followed with other essays and letters about philosophy and freedom in academia, some of which were published in another campus magazine called The Bug. He served as the Herald‘s editor during the 1951–52 school year. He wrote his first short story that year, “In a Village Church” (1951), an amusing look at the Igbo synthesis between life in rural Nigeria with Christian institutions and icons. Other short stories he wrote during his time at Ibadan—including “The Old Order in Conflict with the New” (1952) and “Dead Men’s Path” (1953)—examine conflicts between tradition and modernity, with an eye toward dialogue and understanding on both sides. When the professor Geoffrey Parrinder arrived at the university to teach comparative religion, Achebe began to explore the fields of Christian history and African traditional religions.
After the final examinations at Ibadan in year 1953, Achebe was awarded a second-class degree. Rattled by not receiving the highest level, he was uncertain how to proceed after graduation and returned to his hometown of Ogidi. While pondering possible career paths, Achebe was visited by a friend from the university, who convinced him to apply for an English teaching position at the Merchants of Light school at Oba. It was a ramshackle institution with a crumbling infrastructure and a meagre library; the school was built on what the residents called “bad bush”—a section of land thought to be tainted by unfriendly spirits. It was from this ‘bad bush’ that Achebe kickstarted his career path before trying out other avenues until the Nigeria/Biafra War broke out.
Achebe returned with his family to Ogidi, at the fall of Biafra in 1970 to discover their home destroyed. He then took up a job at the University of Nigeria in Nsukka and immersed himself once again in academia. He was unable to accept invitations to other countries, however, because the Nigerian government revoked his passport due to his support for Biafra.
In the last 12 years of his life, Achebe devoted his time more academic pursuit and writings, and winning more laurels.
In 2000 he published Home and Exile, a semi-biographical collection of both his thoughts on life away from Nigeria, as well as discussion of the emerging school of Native American literature.
In October 2005, the London Financial Times reported that Achebe was planning to write a novella for the Canongate Myth Series, a series of short novels in which ancient myths from myriad cultures are reimagined and rewritten by contemporary authors.
Achebe was awarded the Man Booker International Prize in June 2007. The award helped correct what “many perceived as a great injustice to African literature, that the founding father of African literature had not won some of the key international prizes.”
For the International Festival of Igbo culture, Achebe briefly returned to Nigeria to give the Ahajioku Lecture. Later that year he published The Education of A British-Protected Child, a collection of essays. In autumn he joined the Brown University faculty as the David and Marianna Fisher University Professor of Africana Studies.
In 2010, Achebe was awarded The Dorothy and Lillian Gish Prize for $300,000, one of the richest prizes for the arts.
In 2012, Achebe published There Was a Country: A Personal History of Biafra. The work re-opened the discussion about the Nigerian Civil War. It would be his last publication during his lifetime; Achebe died after a short illness on 21 March 2013 in Boston, United States. He was buried in his hometown of Ogidi.
Achebe, there was indeed a man! And on this 94th Posthumous birthday, the world raises a toast.
For Globacom, Everyday is Christmas
Ode to Chinua Achebe (1930–2013)
